Questionnaire
Country experts provide both a written assessment and a score for each of the 64 indicators, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 10 (best). Each indicator offers four response options, ensuring alignment between the numerical scores and the qualitative assessments. For more on the survey process, go to Methodology.
Vertical Accountability
To what extent is political competition among candidates and political parties free and fair?
10
9
9
There are no barriers, by law or in practice, to effective political competition.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose no significant obstacles to effective political competition.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose some significant obstacles to effective political competition.
2
1
1
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose various significant obstacles to effective political competition.
De jure
■ Do registration procedures for candidates and political parties meet standards of transparency and fairness, including requirements such as financial deposits, age, party affiliation, petition signatures (party-only), exclusion based on insolvency, undischarged bankruptcy, criminal record/convictions?
■ Are eligible candidates prevented from being elected or disqualified from registration in a manner that does not adhere to objectively verifiable criteria set by law?
■ Do candidates and parties who have been denied the right to be elected or registered have the right to appeal to a competent jurisdiction capable of reviewing such decisions and correcting errors in a prompt and effective manner?
■ Are parties and candidates required to maintain accurate financial records, disclose the nature and value of received donations, and publish their accounts on a regular basis?
De facto
■ Do candidates and parties enjoy fair opportunities to access the media and other communication channels? Is access to the media restricted or denied on the basis of ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, language, religion, political or other opinions, national or social origin, birth or other status?
■ Does the media landscape as a whole offer fair coverage of various political positions?
■ Do parties and candidates in practice maintain accurate financial records, disclose the nature and value of received donations, and publish their accounts on a regular basis?
■ Is party funding transparently monitored by an independent body, and are sanctions imposed in the event of violations?
■ Are there any mechanisms in place that provide significant advantages to specific candidates or parties, such as gerrymandering?
■ To what extent is political competition affected and distorted by deliberate manipulation through new media?
To what extent can all citizens, both in legal terms (de jure) and in practice (de facto), exercise their right to vote?
10
9
9
There are no significant barriers, by law or in practice, that hinder citizens or specific groups in society from exercising their right to vote.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose no significant obstacles to voting.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose some significant obstacles to voting.
2
1
1
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose various significant obstacles that substantially hinder voting.
De jure
■ Are voting rights granted to all citizens, including those without permanent residence in the country or those with felony convictions?
■ Is there any disenfranchisement resulting from a flawed voter registry, such as “use or lose it” policies, which significantly impacts election representativeness?
■ Do individuals who have been denied the right to vote or to be registered as voters have the opportunity to appeal to a competent jurisdiction to review such decisions and rectify errors in a timely and effective manner?
■ Is there an impartial and highly capable electoral management body equipped with sufficient and trained staff and the financial resources to effectively administer elections?
De facto
■ Are (multiparty) elections conducted according to the established schedule?
■ Is the election process carried out in an impartial and non-discriminatory manner? When addressing this question, please provide additional details regarding the following aspects: the number of polling stations in relation to population density, accessibility of polling stations (including their location and availability of free public transport, especially for handicapped citizens), voting timeframe and date, comprehensive ballot design, implementation of the secret ballot, and provision of voter assistance (e.g., water supply in waiting lines)
■ Is the absentee/email/early voting conducted in an easy, impartial and non-discriminatory manner?
■ Were there any incidents of harassment, violence, or intimidation against voters?
■ Were there any irregularities observed in the voter registry, such as cases of double voting or impersonation?
■ Were there any other voting irregularities observed, such as intentional withholding of voting materials, dissemination of misleading information about voting procedures, instances of ballot-stuffing, misreporting or false collation of votes?
■ To what extent can such irregularities be resolved through the electoral management body?
To what extent do parties articulate and aggregate all societal interests?
10
9
9
There are no barriers, by law or in practice, to achieving effective societal integration.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing obstacles in the party system, by law and in practice, pose no significant barriers to achieving effective societal integration.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing obstacles in the party system, by law and in practice, pose some significant barriers to achieving effective societal integration.
2
1
1
Existing obstacles in the party system, by law and in practice, pose various significant barriers to achieving effective societal integration.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of the existing parties’ capacity for societal integration.
De jure
■ To what extent do the legal aspects of the political system (e.g., electoral system features) hinder the representation of relevant societal interests through political parties?
De facto
■ To what extent do the major political parties have an organization with local branches to represent distinct local interests?
■ To what extent do the existing parties in the legislature comprehensively represent significant societal interests in a programmatic manner, as opposed to relying on clientelism?
■ How distinctive are their party manifestos from one another, and are they publicly accessible?
To what extent do political parties retain their ability to enable cross-party cooperation in policymaking and implementation?
10
9
9
There are no barriers, by law or in practice, to achieving effective cross-party cooperation.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing obstacles in the party system, by law and in practice, pose no significant barriers to achieving effective cross-party cooperation.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing obstacles in the party system, by law and in practice, pose some significant barriers to achieving effective cross-party cooperation.
2
1
1
Existing obstacles in the party system, by law and in practice, pose various significant barriers to achieving effective cross-party cooperation.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of the existing parties’ capacity to ensure cross-party cooperation.
Input
■ How widespread is the acceptance of liberal democratic values and institutions among major political parties, and to what degree are they committed to advancing them?
De facto
■ To what extent does ideological polarization hinder cooperation in the development and execution of policies?
■ How effective are those who support democracy in working together to control or neutralize the influence of anti-democratic actors?
To what extent can citizens and residents access official information?
10
9
9
There are no barriers, by law or in practice, for citizens seeking to access official information.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose no significant obstacles for citizens seeking to access official information.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose some significant obstacles for citizens seeking to access official information.
2
1
1
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose many/various significant obstacles for citizens seeking to access official information.
De jure
■ Is there a Freedom of Information Act or a similar legal regulation in place?
■ In what respect do the rules limit access to information (e.g., exemptions, response time limits, etc.) and are these restrictions justified?
■ Are there mechanisms in place for citizens to appeal for their right to access information (e.g., administrative review, court review, ombudsman, commission, etc.)?
De facto
■ How adequately does the government fulfill citizens’ requests for information?
■ How promptly does the government respond to citizens’ request for information?
Diagonal Accountability
To what extent are the media free from government influence and able to act independently?
10
9
9
There are no disincentives, by law or in practice, for the media to criticize the government and public officials.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing disincentives, by law and in practice, pose no significant obstacles to the media in criticizing the government and public officials.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing disincentives, by law and in practice, pose some significant obstacles to the media in criticizing the government and public officials.
2
1
1
Existing disincentives, by law and in practice, pose various significant obstacles to the media in criticizing the government and public officials.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of media freedom.
De jure
■ Is media freedom guaranteed?
■ Do the regulations governing public-owned media ensure an adequate level of independence from government influence and political interference?
■ Do the licensing and regulatory systems for privately owned media ensure independence from government influence and political interference?
■ To what extent do additional legal regulations hinder the ability of independent media to report freely? Specifically, how do regulations regarding wiretapping, the protection of whistleblowers and “fake news” impact media reporting?
De facto
■ To what extent do the government or other public officials censor digital, print or broadcast media?
■ To what extent do the government or other public officials indirectly attempt to censor digital, print or broadcast media (e.g., through control over broadcast frequencies, influence on printing facilities, selective distribution of subsidies or advertising, imposing prohibitive tariffs, bribery, etc.)?
■ To what extent does the government censor online content (excluding criminal content such as child pornography)?
■ Are public officials held accountable for instances of unlawful censorship?
■ How prevalent is self-censorship among journalists?
■ To what extent do journalists face harassment, including threats of libel, arrests, physical assault, or murder? Are perpetrators of crimes against journalists effectively prosecuted?
To what extent is a plurality of opinions in the media ensured?
10
9
9
There are no barriers, by law or in practice, to a pluralistic media landscape that represents all existing political perspectives in society.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose no significant obstacles to the media in representing all relevant political perspectives in society.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose some significant obstacles to the media in representing all relevant political perspectives in society.
2
1
1
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose various significant obstacles to the media in representing all relevant political perspectives in society.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of media pluralism in your country.
Input /de jure
■ To what extent do anti-monopoly policies, in principle, ensure transparency of ownership structures and a plurality of opinions in digital, print and broadcast media outlets?
■ Do the regulations overseeing publicly owned media ensure an adequate plurality of opinions?
■ Do the licensing and regulatory regimes of privately owned media ensure an adequate plurality of opinions?
De facto
■ To what extent do a significant number of major digital, print and broadcast outlets consistently critique government policies and report on abuses of power?
■ Do the major media outlets encompass a diverse range of political perspectives? Do the major media outlets ignore or censor significant political perspectives? Is there a media bias against certain (opposition) parties or candidates?
To what extent are citizens able to freely form or join independent political and civic groups, openly raise and discuss political issues, and assemble without restrictions?
10
9
9
There are no barriers, by law or in practice to creating an engaged society and civil society organizations that are free to operate.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose very few or no significant obstacles to creating an engaged society and civil society organizations that are free to operate.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose some significant obstacles to the creation of an engaged society and civil society organizations that are free to operate.
2
1
1
Existing barriers, by law and in practice, pose various significant obstacles to the creation of an engaged society and civil society organizations that are free to operate.
De jure
■ To what extent do the constitution and other legal norms safeguard political rights such as freedom of association and freedom of assembly?
De facto
■ To what extent are political and civic groups able to operate freely without unwarranted state intrusion or interference in their activities?
■ Does the government apply transparent and non-discriminatory criteria when evaluating requests for permits to associate and/or assemble?
■ How extensive are the restrictions on assembly and association, either affecting all citizens or specific social groups within society?
■ Does the government employ intimidation, harassment or threats of retaliation to hinder citizens from exercising their rights to legally assemble and associate (e.g., through arbitrary arrests, detentions, imprisonment of peaceful demonstrators, or excessive use of force)?
To what extent do civil society organizations (CSOs) have the capacity to actively participate in the co-creation of relevant policies?
10
9
9
All the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
5
4
3
4
3
Few of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
2
1
1
None of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to the input and actual influence of major CSOs involved in capital and labor issues (employers’ association, industry, trade unions, consumer groups) when it comes to formulating policies.
Input/ resources
■ Does the constitution or legislation facilitate the cultivation of CSOs (e.g., public funding, membership dues are tax-deductible)?
■ Do the major CSOs have the organizational strength (e.g., financial resources, policy experts, associated institutes and think tanks, and connections to other think tanks) to independently formulate policies, or to participate in an integrated policy formulation process with the government?
■ To what extent are the major CSOs cooperative and capable of forming alliances?
■ To what extent does the general population participate in major CSO activity?
De facto
■ To what extent are the major CSOs supported by a significant share of the population?
■ To what extent does the government feel obliged to respond to the policy proposals put forward by the major CSOs?
To what extent do civil society organizations (CSOs) have the capacity to actively participate in the co-creation of relevant policies?
10
9
9
All the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
5
4
3
4
3
Few of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
2
1
1
None of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to the policy formation capacity of major CSOs active in the field of social welfare (youth groups, family groups, welfare associations).
Input/ resources
■ Does the constitution or legislation provide support to CSOs (e.g., public funding, membership dues are tax-deductible)?
■ Do the major CSOs have the organizational strength (e.g., financial resources, policy experts, associated institutes and think tanks, and connections to other think tanks) to independently formulate policies?
■ To what extent does the general population participate in major CSO activity?
■ To what extent are the major CSOs cooperative and capable of forming alliances?
De facto
■ To what extent are the major CSOs supported by a significant share of the population?
■ To what extent does the government feel obliged to respond to the policy proposals put forward by the major CSOs?
To what extent do civil society organizations (CSOs) have the capacity to actively participate in the co-creation of relevant policies?
10
9
9
All the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
5
4
3
4
3
Few of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
2
1
1
None of the major CSOs active in the field have the capacity to shape public policies.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to the policy formation capacity of major CSOs active in the field of environment (environmental groups, climate movement groups).
Input/ resources
■ Does the constitution or legislation provide support to CSOs (e.g., public funding, membership dues are tax-deductible)?
■ Do the major CSOs have the organizational strength (e.g., financial resources, policy experts, associated institutes and think tanks, and connections to other think tanks) to independently formulate policies?
■ To what extent does the general population participate in major CSO activity?
■ To what extent are the major CSOs cooperative and capable of forming alliances?
De facto
■ To what extent are the major CSOs supported by a significant share of the population?
■ To what extent does the government feel obliged to respond to the policy proposals put forward by the major CSOs?
Horizontal Accountability
Is there an independent audit office? To what extent is it capable of exercising effective oversight?
10
9
9
There exists an effective and independent audit office.
8
7
6
7
6
There exists an effective and independent audit office, but its role is somewhat limited.
5
4
3
4
3
There exists an independent audit office, but its role is considerably limited.
2
1
1
There is no independent and effective audit office.
Input
■ Is there a nationally recognized audit office that is legally acknowledged as independent?
■ To what extent does the audit office have the legal authority to exercise its discretion in deciding which audits it undertakes?
■ Does the audit office have the legal authority to obtain all the information needed and question officials and witnesses to fulfill its mandate?
■ Is the process of appointing the head of the audit office conducted to ensure his or her independence? Does the legislative or judiciary have the final say before the head of the audit office can be removed from their position?
■ To what extent do the financial and personnel resources align with the requirements of the audit office to effectively carry out its mandate? To what extent are these decisions beyond the discretion of the executive branch?
De facto
■ Do its activities lead to an adequate follow up on the part of the executive branch?
■ How extensively are the findings of the audit office reported in the media and used by the legislature?
Is there an independent authority that effectively holds government offices accountable for their handling of data protection and privacy issues?
10
9
9
An independent and effective data protection authority exists.
8
7
6
7
6
An independent and effective data protection authority exists, but its role is somewhat limited.
5
4
3
4
3
A data protection authority exists, but both its independence and effectiveness are considerably limited.
2
1
1
There is no effective and independent data protection office.
Input
■ Is there a legally recognized national data protection authority that operates independently?
■ To what extent does the national data protection authority have the discretion to decide which audits it wishes to undertake?
■ Does the national data protection authority have the statutory power to access all the necessary information and question officials and witnesses to fulfill its mandate?
■ Is the process of appointing the head of the national data protection authority conducted in a manner that ensures his or her independence? Does the legislative branch or judiciary have final consent authority for the removal of the head of the national data protection authority?
■ To what extent are the financial and personnel resources allocated to the national data protection authority consistent with the resources it needs to fulfill its mandate? To what extent are the decisions regarding these resources beyond the executive’s discretion?
De facto
■ Do the activities of the national data protection authority lead to an adequate follow up by the executive branch?
■ How extensively are the findings of the data protection authority reported in the media and utilized by the legislature?
To what extent does an independent judiciary ensure that the government, administration and legislature operate in accordance with the constitution and law?
10
9
9
The judiciary effectively ensures that the government and legislature act in accordance with the law.
8
7
6
7
6
The judiciary usually manages to ensure that the government and legislature act in accordance with the law.
5
4
3
4
3
The judiciary fails to ensure effective legal compliance in some crucial cases.
2
1
1
The judiciary fails to ensure effective legal control.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of the judicial review process.
Input
■ To what extent does the national judiciary as a whole (including specialized courts) possess legal autonomy to independently interpret and review existing laws, legislation and policies?
■ To what extent does the national judiciary have the capacity to exercise independent judicial review? There may be different indicators of judicial independence. You might consider the following questions: Is legal education inclusive and accessible to all segments of society? Does the judicary’s jurisprudence reflect a commitment to independent judicial review? Are there ethics rules and standards?
■ To what extent does the process of appointing justices (whether in the supreme or Constitutional Court) ensure the independence of the judiciary? You might consider the following aspects to assess the judiciary’s independence: The likelihood of politically unbiased justices increases when there are higher majority requirements and when cooperation among involved bodies is necessary. A cooperative appointment process should involve at least two democratically legitimized institutions. In cooperative procedures with qualified majorities, the court’s independence is best secured. Please consider transparency in the process public media coverage, if applicable. If your country does not have a supreme or Constitutional Court, evaluate the appointment process of the appellate court responsible for citizens’ appeals against government decisions.
De facto
■ How easy is it to bring a case to challenge government action?
■ How independent do you perceive the court’s rulings to be in cases that are significant to the government?
■ How frequently does the government comply with important decisions of the court, even if it disagrees with them? Are there specific examples of non-compliance?
How well does the executive branch and its members uphold and safeguard civil rights, and to what extent do the courts effectively protect citizens against rights violations?
10
9
9
There are no limits or constraints on the realization of civil rights.
8
7
6
7
6
There are no significant limits or constraints on the realization of civil rights.
5
4
3
4
3
There are some significant limits or constraints on the realization of civil rights.
2
1
1
There are multiple significant limits or constraints on the realization of civil rights.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of protecting civil rights in your country.
De jure
■ To what extent does the national legal and constitutional system guarantee the protection of civil rights? Key aspects encompass: Safeguarding personal liberty against both state and non-state actors, including the right to life and security, prohibition of torture and inhumane treatment or punishment, and the protection of privacy; ensuring equality before the law, equal access to justice, and due process under the rule of law, such as protection against arbitrary imprisonment without due process.
De facto
■ To what extent do state actors demonstrate respect for civil rights and effectively safeguard them by identifying, prosecuting and punishing violations?
■ To what extent are the policies implemented by state institutions effective in preventing discrimination based on factors such as sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, physical and mental ability, health, age, ethnic origin, social status, political views or religion? Please consider the effectiveness of measures such as positive discrimination, special representation rights or autonomy rights in protecting the rights of disadvantaged individuals or those belonging to minority groups.
■ To what extent do all individuals have equal access to justice and due process under the rule of law?
To what extent are public officeholders prevented from abusing their position for private interests?
10
9
9
Legal, political and public integrity mechanisms effectively prevent public officeholders from abusing their positions.
8
7
6
7
6
Most integrity mechanisms are effective and provide disincentives for public officeholders to abuse their positions.
5
4
3
4
3
Few integrity mechanisms are effective and provide disincentives for public officeholders to abuse their positions.
2
1
1
Public officeholders can exploit their offices for private gain as they see fit without fear of legal consequences or adverse publicity.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of integrity mechanisms.
De jure
■ To what extent are there established public accounting standards that facilitate the detection of corruption?
■ To what extent does party financing regulation help prevent corruption? (e.g., bans and limits on private income, direct public funding of parties, regulations on spending, reporting, oversight and sanctions)
■ To what extent are there rules for officeholders, such as asset declarations, conflict of interest rules, or codes of conduct? (e.g., income and assets, incompatibilities, reporting, sanctions, oversight)
■ To what extent are there rules in place to enhance the transparency of public procurement procedures? (e.g., scope, information availability, open competition)
De facto
■ To what extent are the integrity mechanisms described above effectively implemented?
■ To what extent is compliance with integrity rules effectively monitored?
■ To what extent are public officeholders who abuse their positions prosecuted or penalized?
Do members of the legislature possess sufficient personnel and structural resources to effectively monitor government activities?
10
9
9
As a group, legislative members have access to a range of resources that are suited for effectively monitoring all government activity.
8
7
6
7
6
As a group, legislative members have access to a range of resources that are suited for effectively monitoring a government’s key activities.
5
4
3
4
3
As a group, legislative members have access to a range of resources that are suited for selectively monitoring some government activities.
2
1
1
The resources provided to legislative members are not suited for any effective monitoring of the government.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of legislative resources.
Input
■ To what extent does the legislature exercise control over its resources to finance its own operations?
■ To what extent does the legislature have resources such as deputy expert staff or administrative support staff (e.g., legislative libraries or legislative research units)?
■ To what extent does the legislature have monetary allowances allocated for conducting independent research?
De facto
■ To what extent does the legislative research unit consistently produce reports and studies?
Are legislative committees able to exercise oversight of government activities in practice?
10
9
9
The legislature is able to exercise its oversight function.
8
7
6
7
6
The legislature is able to exercise its oversight function most of the time.
5
4
3
4
3
The legislature faces constraints in exercising its oversight function in a significant number of cases.
2
1
1
The legislature’s oversight function is frequently and severely compromised.
De jure
■ To what extent do parliamentary committees/parliaments have the ability to acquire the desired documents from the government?
■ To what extent can parliamentary committees/parliaments summon ministers to committee meetings and hold them accountable by posing relevant questions?
De facto
■ To what extent are documents provided in their entirety and within a reasonable timeframe?
■ To what extent do ministers comply with invitations and provide satisfactory answers to the questions posed?
Do legislative committees have the capacity to investigate unconstitutional or illegal activities carried out by the executive branch?
10
9
9
The legislature is able to exercise its investigation function.
8
7
6
7
6
The legislature is able to exercise its investigation function most of the time.
5
4
3
4
3
The legislature faces constraints in exercising its investigation function in a significant number of cases.
2
1
1
The legislature’s investigation function is frequently and severely compromised
De jure
■ Can opposition parties initiate investigation functions within the legislature against the will of the governing party or coalition?
De facto
■ How likely is it that investigation activities would result in an unfavorable decision or report?
■ How likely is it that an unfavorable investigation outcome will have consequences for the government?
To what extent are the organization and operations of legislative committees effective in guiding the development of legislative proposals?
10
9
9
The organization and operations of legislative committees are well-suited for effectively monitoring ministry activity.
8
7
6
7
6
The organization and operations of legislative committees are, for the most part, suited for effectively monitoring ministry activity.
5
4
3
4
3
The organization and operations of legislative committees are rarely suitable for monitoring ministry activity.
2
1
1
The organization and operations of legislative committees are not at all suitable for monitoring ministry activity.
Input
■ How well do the task areas of legislative committees align with those of ministries? If there are fewer committees than ministries, the committees may become overwhelmed with the task of monitoring ministerial activities. Conversely, if there are more committees than ministries, oversight responsibilities are fragmented and legislative activity may lack cohesion.
■ To what extent do the committees responsible for cross-cutting policy areas that are typically organized under specific ministries (PMOs, finance ministries or “super-ministries”) effectively cover and address these areas?
■ How well do the size of committees and the frequency with which they meet enable effective monitoring and discussion of ministerial activities?
■ To what extent is it possible for opposition parties to hold the chair of a legislative committee?
De facto
■ What is the likelihood that an opposition party determines the chair of an important legislative committee?
■ What is the likelihood that draft legislation will change as a result of committee deliberations?
Coordination
To what extent do established coordination mechanisms between the government’s office and line ministries effectively enhance policy coherence?
10
9
9
Functional coordination mechanisms between line ministries and the GO/PMO, aimed at enhancing policy coherence, are in place.
8
7
6
7
6
Largely functional coordination mechanisms between line ministries and the GO/PMO, aimed at enhancing policy coherence, are in place.
5
4
3
4
3
Coordination mechanisms between line ministries and the GO/PMO, aimed at enhancing policy coherence, are only somewhat functional.
2
1
1
Coordination mechanisms between line ministries and the GO/PMO, aimed at enhancing policy coherence, are not at all functional.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of coordination between the GO/PMO and line ministries.
Input
■ To what extent does the GO/PMO have the necessary capacity, including personnel and financial resources, to evaluate policy proposals from line ministries and ensure they are aligned with the government’s overall priorities?
■ To what extent are line ministries required to involve the GO/PMO in the preparation of policy proposals, not only regarding legal/technical matters but also programmatic aspects?
De facto
■ To what extent does the GO/PMO regularly provide assessments of draft bills for the head of government?
■ To what extent do regular meetings take place between the GO/PMO and line ministries, where the GO/PMO receives regular briefings from line ministries regarding new developments that may impact policy proposal preparations?
To what extent are there positive (formalized) forms of coordination across ministries that aim to enhance policy coherence?
10
9
9
Interministerial coordination mechanisms targeting policy coherence provide incentives for identifying synergies and opportunities.
8
7
6
7
6
Interministerial coordination mechanisms targeting policy coherence sometimes provide incentives for identifying synergies and opportunities.
5
4
3
4
3
Interministerial coordination mechanisms targeting policy coherence rarely provide incentives for identifying synergies and opportunities.
2
1
1
There are no interministerial coordination mechanisms targeting policy coherence that provide incentives for identifying synergies and opportunities.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of coordination mechanisms within the ministerial bureaucracy.
Input
■ Are there formalized coordination mechanisms (e.g., interministerial working groups) in place that facilitate the flow of information on upcoming policy initiatives?
■ Are there digital technologies (e.g., IT programs and platforms) and digital information systems in place that facilitate interministerial coordination? To what extent are they utilized?
■ To what extent are work-related incentives (e.g., job rotation with the GO/PMO or job-sharing) available at all hierarchical levels to encourage civil servants to actively exchange information across ministerial boundaries in their daily work?
■ To what extent do the formal pre-consultation procedures provide incentives for identifying synergies and opportunities rather than emphasizing incompatibilities with other policies (negative coordination)?
De facto
■ To what extent are individual ministries caught off guard by policy initiatives from other ministries?
■ To what extent are digital technologies employed to facilitate interministerial coordination?
■ To what extent do the legislative processes encourage positive rather than negative coordination?
How effectively do informal coordination mechanisms complement formal mechanisms of interministerial coordination?
10
9
9
Informal coordination mechanisms complement formal mechanisms of interministerial coordination.
8
7
6
7
6
In most cases, informal coordination mechanisms complement formal mechanisms of interministerial coordination.
5
4
3
4
3
In some cases, informal coordination mechanisms undermine formal mechanisms of interministerial coordination.
2
1
1
Informal coordination mechanisms undermine formal mechanisms of interministerial coordination.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of informal coordination.
Input
■ How frequently do informal meetings occur among high-ranking government officials and/ or party groups take place?
■ How regularly do informal meetings take place across various levels of government?
De facto
■ To what extent do informal meetings support or undermine formal coordination efforts between the GO/PMO and the line ministries?
■ To what extent do informal meetings support or undermine formal coordination efforts within the ministerial bureaucracy?
To what extent does central government ensure that subnational self-governments meet national (minimum) standards in delivering public services?
10
9
9
The central government effectively ensures that subnational self-governments successfully meet national standards for public service delivery.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the time, the central government ensures that subnational self-governments successfully meet national standards for public service delivery.
5
4
3
4
3
The central government rarely ensures that subnational self-governments successfully meet national minimum standards for public service delivery.
2
1
1
The central government does nothing to ensure that subnational self-governments successfully meet national standards for public service delivery.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of setting effective national standards for the decentralized delivery of public services.
De jure
■ To what extent are clearly defined nationwide minimum standards established to guide the decentralized provision of public services in critical areas such as environmental services, education, social assistance, healthcare, land use, waste management, public transport, and housing?
■ To what extent are credible and reliable nationally agreed-upon performance indicators used to determine whether national standards are met?
De facto
■ To what extent is compliance with minimum standards monitored by the central government or cooperative intergovernmental bodies?
■ To what extent are sanctions imposed by the central government for non-compliance with minimum standards?
■ To what extent do subnational governments use key performance indicators to implement reforms targeting compliance with minimum standards?
To what extent do national policymakers effectively collaborate with regional and local governments to improve the delivery of public services?
10
9
9
National policymakers work effectively with regional and local governments to improve the delivery of public services.
8
7
6
7
6
In general, national policymakers work effectively with regional and local governments to improve the delivery of public services.
5
4
3
4
3
National policymakers rarely work effectively with regional and local governments to improve the delivery of public services.
2
1
1
There is no effective multilevel cooperation between the central and subnational governments.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of multilevel cooperation in national policies.
De jure
■ To what extent are there formal coordination and consultation mechanisms in place that provide opportunities for subnational self-governments to actively engage in discussions regarding central government policy initiatives that directly affect them?
■ To what extent do these formal mechanisms of coordination and consultation also include local self-government?
De facto
■ Are there formal or informal fora for intergovernmental interaction that operate on a hierarchical or cooperative basis and make binding decisions or informal recommendations?
■ If they exist, how frequently do these fora meet in the different sectors of public activity?
■ How frequently do civil servants at the subnational self-government express dissatisfaction with being given token opportunities to participate in decision-making processes at the central government level, particularly regarding issues that directly impact them?
■ How frequently do civil servants in local self-government express dissatisfaction with being given token opportunities to participate in decision-making processes at the central government level, particularly regarding issues that directly impact them?
Consensus-Building
To what extent is the government successful in effectively harnessing the best available scientific knowledge for policymaking purposes?
10
9
9
The government is able to harness the best available scientific knowledge for policymaking purposes.
8
7
6
7
6
In most cases, the government is able to harness the best available scientific knowledge for policymaking purposes.
5
4
3
4
3
Only rarely is the government able to harness the best available scientific knowledge for policymaking purposes.
2
1
1
The government is not able to harness the best available scientific knowledge for policymaking purposes.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to inputs and the actual utilization of the best available scientific knowledge for policymaking.
Input
■ To what extent do institutional mechanisms ensure that the government can access the best available scientific expertise from the outset and on short notice for all projects of key importance? For instance, are there expert commissions in key reform areas or collaborative projects between government bodies and academic institutions?
■ How often do government officials and non-governmental experts engage with each other, and how frequent is this exchange?
■ How transparent is the consultation process?
■ To what extent do the selected experts represent a diverse range of perspectives?
■ How open is the circle of consulted non-governmental experts to new members?
De facto
■ How strong is the criticism from the scientific community regarding the government’s central plans? To what extent do the government’s plans in key areas blatantly contradict prevailing scientific opinions?
■ To what extent is the government successful in managing academic controversies and reconciling divergent expert opinions in practice? To what extent does the government face criticism for disregarding advice from relevant segments of the scientific community?
■ How frequently do non-governmental experts express criticism regarding superficial or token participation?
To what extent does the government facilitate the participation of trade unions and business organizations in policymaking?
10
9
9
The government is able to effectively involve trade unions and business organizations in policy development.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the time, the government is able to effectively involve trade unions and business organizations in policy development.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is rarely able to effectively involve trade unions and business organizations in policy development.
2
1
1
The government is not able to effectively involve trade unions and business organizations in policy development.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to inputs and the government’s actual ability to involve capital and labor in policy development.
Input
■ To what extent do institutional mechanisms ensure the active involvement of capital and labor from the initial stages of policymaking on issues of central importance to both sectors? This includes mechanisms that engage capital and labor to participate in expert commissions, public hearings and performance-monitoring.
■ How often do government officials engage with capital and labor, and how regular is this exchange?
■ How transparent is the consultation process?
■ To what extent do the institutional mechanisms ensure an inclusive process in which all members of the private sector and labor are able to participate?
De facto
■ How frequently do members of capital and/or labor express dissatisfaction with token participation in the policymaking process?
■ To what extent does the government demonstrably act to follow up on consultation talks?
■ To what extent is the government successful in moderating disputes within and between labor and capital, and in balancing diverse opinions in practice?
To what extent does the government facilitate the participation of leading social welfare CSOs in policymaking?
10
9
9
The government is able to effectively involve leading social welfare CSOs in policy development.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the time, the government is able to effectively involve leading social welfare CSOs in policy development.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is rarely able to effectively involve leading social welfare CSOs in policy development.
2
1
1
The government is not able to effectively involve leading social welfare CSOs in policy development.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to inputs and the government’s actual ability to involve major CSOs active in the field of social welfare (e.g., youth and family organizations, welfare associations).
Input
■ To what extent do institutional mechanisms ensure the active involvement of prominent social welfare CSOs from the initial stages of policymaking on issues of central importance to this sector? This includes mechanisms that engage social welfare CSOs to participate in expert commissions, public hearings and performance-monitoring.
■ How often do government officials and CSOs active in the field of social welfare engage with each other, and how regular is this exchange?
■ How transparent is the consultation process?
■ To what extent do the institutional mechanisms ensure an inclusive process in which relevant social welfare CSOs are able to participate?
De facto
■ How frequently do members of major CSOs active in the field of social welfare express dissatisfaction with token participation in the policymaking process?
■ To what extent does the government demonstrably act to follow up on consultation talks?
■ To what extent is the government successful in moderating disputes within and between major social welfare CSOs, and in balancing diverse opinions in practice?
To what extent does the government facilitate the participation of leading environmental CSOs in policymaking?
10
9
9
The government is able to effectively involve leading environmental CSOs in policy development.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the time, the government is able to effectively involve leading environmental CSOs in policy development.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is rarely able to effectively involve leading environmental CSOs in policy development.
2
1
1
The government is not able to effectively involve leading environmental CSOs in policy development.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to inputs and the government’s actual ability to involve key environmental CSOs active in the field (e.g., environmental organizations, climate change organizations).
Input
■ To what extent do institutional mechanisms ensure the active involvement of environmental CSOs from the initial stages of policymaking on issues of central importance to this sector? This includes mechanisms that engage environmental CSOs to participate in expert commissions, public hearings and performance-monitoring.
■ How often do government officials and major environmental CSOs engage with each other, and how regular is this exchange?
■ How transparent is the consultation process?
■ To what extent do the institutional mechanisms ensure an inclusive process in which all members of environmental CSOs are able to participate?
De facto
■ How frequently do members of leading environmental CSOs express dissatisfaction with token participation in the policymaking process?
■ How strong is the criticism from key environmental CSOs regarding the government’s central plans?
■ To what extent is the government successful in moderating disputes within and between major environmental CSOs, and in balancing diverse opinions in practice?
To what extent does the government publish data and information that empowers citizens to hold the government accountable?
10
9
9
The government publishes data and information in a manner that empowers citizens to hold the government accountable.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the time, the government publishes data and information in a manner that empowers citizens to hold the government accountable.
5
4
3
4
3
The government rarely publishes data and information in a manner that strengthens citizens to hold the government accountable.
2
1
1
The government does not publish data and information in a manner that strengthens citizens’ capacity to hold the government accountable.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to inputs and the government’s actual ability to proactively publish data and information in a manner that empowers citizens’ capacity to hold the government accountable.
Input
■ To what extent does the government take the lead in developing comprehensive data governance frameworks (e.g., national data strategies) and building data management capacities across the public sector to foster an environment that encourages data reuse?
■ To what extent does the government enable its open government data portals to function as interactive feedback and communication tools rather than mere repositories of data?
■ How effectively do quality standards and standardization efforts ensure the production of high-quality government information and data?
De facto
■ To what extent does the government proactively provide information and data that adequately meets the increasing demands of citizens in terms of information diversity and level of detail?
■ To what extent does the government ensure the availability of comparable data across different regions and administrative levels?
■ To what extent does the government proactively provide data and information in a timely manner?
■ To what extent can the government’s information and data be considered user-friendly for both humans and machines, including factors such as data formats, ease of access, provision of documentation or user guides?
Sensemaking
To what extent can the central government foster the capacity for strategic foresight and anticipatory innovation within its organization?
10
9
9
The central government can foster the capacity for strategic foresight and anticipatory innovation within its organization.
8
7
6
7
6
Most of the time, the central government can foster the capacity for strategic foresight and anticipatory innovation within its organization.
5
4
3
4
3
The central government is rarely capable of fostering the capacity for strategic foresight and anticipatory innovation within its organization.
2
1
1
The central government is not capable of fostering the capacity for strategic foresight and anticipatory innovation within its organization.
Input
■ To what extent are there dedicated central government units for strategic foresight and anticipatory innovation that autonomously explore ideas and scenarios, provide tools and guidance, coordinate and monitor activities, offer training and coaching, and organize events?
■ To what extent are there central government policy units that provide support for policy implementation in specific areas such as open government, knowledge management and digital transformation?
■ To what extent does the government foster policy experimentation through innovation labs, behavioral insights or delivery teams, using techniques like prototyping, human-centered design, randomized controlled trials, project-based employment and data analysis?
■ To what extent does the government allocate sufficient financial and human resources, such as grant funding and procurement to establish test beds for new ideas?
■ To what extent are strategic foresight and anticipatory innovation included as fundamental skills to be acquired in the recruitment and training of high level civil servants?
De facto
■ To what extent do the central government strategic foresight and innovation units have a meaningful impact on work practices and the organizational culture within ministerial bureaucracies? One indicator could be the frequency of meetings/events between these units and ministries. Another indicator could be the existence of plans, programs, central regulations designed in line with the guidelines proposed by innovation units.
■ To what extent does the central government’s planning allow for multiple futures and scenarios to coexist in strategic plans?
■ To what extent are experimental techniques employed before policy measures are rolled out?
■ What is the level of success achieved in projects that directly affect how the government operates? These include projects targeting open government, knowledge management and digital transformation. To what extent does the government secure adequate financial resources to sustain these activities in the long term?
To what extent does the government conduct high-quality impact assessments to evaluate the potential effects of prepared legislation before implementation?
10
9
9
The government draws on high-quality RIAs to assess the potential impact of prepared legislation before implementation.
8
7
6
7
6
In most cases, the government draws on high-quality RIAs to assess the potential impact of prepared legislation before implementation.
5
4
3
4
3
The government rarely draws on high-quality RIAs to assess the potential impact of prepared legislation before implementation.
2
1
1
The government does not draw on high-quality RIAs to assess the potential impact of prepared legislation before implementation.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to inputs and the actual conduct of regulatory impact assessments.
Input
■ To what extent is there a legal requirement to conduct RIAs for new legislation?
■ To what extent is there a legal requirement to involve stakeholders who can provide empirical information on the needs and likely responses of individuals in relation to a regulatory change?
■ To what extent is it legally mandated to regularly communicate or make publicly available the results of RIAs?
■ To what extent are uniform (scientific) minimum standards in place for implementing RIAs?
■ To what extent does an independent organizational body exist that conducts periodic quality evaluations of the RIA process and its results?
De facto
■ To what extent are RIAs applied to new legislation? What are the practical limitations that affect their full application?
■ How often do the results of RIAs lead to changes in legislation?
■ To what extent do the implemented RIAs meet minimum standards? How effectively do RIAs provide reliable information about the impacts of regulations on key socioeconomic indicators (e.g., public budgets, labor market outcomes, environment, compliance costs for businesses)? To what extent are modern analysis methods, such as those derived from behavioral research, utilized in RIAs?
■ To what extent are stakeholders involved in the regulatory impact assessment process, particularly those who can provide empirical information on the needs and likely responses of individuals to a legislative change?
■ To what extent are the results of RIAs regularly communicated to the public or more made publicly available?
■ To what extent are regular evaluation reports on RIA processes and results published?
To what extent does the government effectively incorporate sustainability assessments within the framework of RIAs?
10
9
9
High-quality sustainability assessments are incorporated within regulatory impact assessments.
8
7
6
7
6
High-quality sustainability assessments are, for the most part, incorporated within regulatory impact assessments.
5
4
3
4
3
High-quality sustainability assessments are rarely incorporated within regulatory impact assessments.
2
1
1
Sustainability assessments are not incorporated within regulatory impact assessments.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to inputs and the actual application of sustainability assessments.
Input
■ Has your country formally adopted a sustainable development strategy that is based on the SDGs? To what extent has it been implemented?
■ Has the strategy been broken down into concrete action plans for implementation? If so, please illustrate with a few examples.
■ To what extent are sustainability checks legally required as part of RIAs?
■ To what extent are sustainability assessments required to include analyses that span multiple time periods, including short-term, medium-term and long-term perspectives?
■ Is the monitoring capacity (availability of data and information and statistical capacity) of the country sufficient to measure progress? To what extent is the government addressing any deficiencies?
De facto
■ To what extent are sustainability assessments an integral and practical part of RIAs? What are the limitations, in practice, to their full application?
■ To what extent do sustainability assessments draw upon a comprehensive set of appropriate impact indicators that encompass economic, social and environmental sustainability aspects?
■ To what extent are analyses provided for different time periods, including short-term, medium-term and long-term perspectives?
To what extent do government ministries utilize ex post evaluations to improve existing policies?
10
9
9
High-quality ex post evaluations serve as the basis for making adjustments to public policies.
8
7
6
7
6
High-quality ex post evaluations frequently serve as the basis for making adjustments to public policies.
5
4
3
4
3
High-quality ex post evaluations rarely serve as the basis for making adjustments to public policies.
2
1
1
High-quality ex post evaluations are not utilized to make adjustments to public policies.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects related to inputs and the actual use of ex post evaluations.
Input
■ To what extent is regular analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of existing policies through ex post evaluations required by law?
■ To what extent is there a legal requirement to involve stakeholders who can provide empirical information on the needs and likely responses of individuals in relation to a regulatory change?
■ To what extent is it legally mandated to regularly communicate or make publicly available the results of ex post evaluations?
■ To what extent are uniform (scientific) minimum standards in place for implementing ex post evaluations?
■ To what extent does an independent organizational body exist that conducts periodic quality evaluations of the policy evaluation process and results?
De facto
■ To what extent are ex post evaluations applied to existing public policies? What are the practical limitations that affect their full application?
■ How often do the results of ex post evaluations lead to changes in existing legislation or inform the development of new legislation?
■ To what extent do conducted ex post evaluations meet minimum scientific standards? To what extent do they provide reliable information about impacts of regulations on key socioeconomic indicators? To what extent are modern analysis methods, such as those derived from behavioral research, utilized in ex post evaluations?
■ To what extent are stakeholders involved in ex post evaluations, particularly those who can provide empirical information on individuals’ experiences with and responses to public policy interventions?
■ To what extent are the results of ex post evaluations regularly communicated to the public or more made publicly available?
■ To what extent are regular evaluation reports on the results and process of ex post evaluations published?
Economic Sustainability
How committed is the government to driving the transition toward a circular economy?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to transitioning to a circular economy.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to transitioning to a circular economy.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is somewhat committed to transitioning to a circular economy.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to transitioning to a circular economy.
To ensure a sustainable and resource-saving economy, governments must adopt policies, regulations and incentives to achieve the following goals:
1. Reduction: Decreasing the input of (scarce) resources, the emission of
climate-damaging substances, and the generation of waste produced.
2. Endurance: Encouraging the development of durable products that retain their value over time.
3. Reuse: Promoting the increased utilization of products, for instance by fostering a market for used and refurbished products.
4. Recycle: Increasing the extent to which products are composed of material sourced from prior use phases and encouraging the design of materials that are easier to recover.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects.
■ Is there a strategy and roadmap for a transition toward a circular economy with clearly defined goals? To what extent is it binding?
■ Has the strategy been broken down into sector-specific action plans? If so, please illustrate with examples. How aligned are these sectoral targets with the overall targets?
■ How comprehensive are the strategy and designated policies regarding the goals of reduction, endurance, reuse and recycle mentioned earlier?
■ How do existing policies either support or undermine efforts to transition to a circular economy?
■ To what extent is public procurement aligned with the circular economy strategy?
■ Is there a lead unit, and if so, which unit is it? If there are multiple units, which units are involved in circular economy policy? And are there effective coordination mechanisms to facilitate interministerial policy coordination?
■ If policy implementation is delegated in some manner to bureaucracies and executive agencies, to what extent do federal and subnational ministries monitor the activities of these bodies to ensure effective implementation of government policies? Can central government ministries intervene at lower political levels if effective implementation is endangered?
■ How (and how often) does the government monitor the progress of the transitioning process? How many indicators are used to measure the outcomes related to the aforementioned goals? What steps is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?
How committed is the government to updating and protecting critical infrastructure?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to updating basic technical infrastructure.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to updating basic technical infrastructure.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is somewhat committed to updating basic technical infrastructure.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to updating basic technical infrastructure.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects focusing on basic technical infrastructure in the digital, transport, water and energy sectors.
■ Is there a clearly defined strategy and roadmap for updating and protecting critical infrastructure? To what extent is the strategy binding?
■ Has the strategy been broken down into sector-specific action plans. If so, please illustrate with a few examples. To what extent do these action plans consider infrastructure interdependencies between different sectors and the physical-digital interface?
■ To what extent do existing policies support or undermine policy efforts to update and effectively protect basic technical infrastructure?
■ Is there a lead unit, if so, which unit is it? If there are multiple units, which units are involved in infrastructure policy? And are there effective coordination mechanisms to facilitate interministerial policy coordination?
■ If policy implementation is delegated in some manner to bureaucracies and executive agencies, to what extent do federal and subnational ministries monitor the activities of these bodies to ensure effective implementation of government policies? Can central government ministries intervene at lower political levels if effective implementation is endangered?
■ How (and how often) does the government monitor the progress of the updating process? How many indicators are in place to measure the outcomes related to the aforementioned goals? What measures is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?
How committed is the government to fully decarbonizing the energy system by 2050?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to transitioning to a decarbonized energy system.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to transitioning to a decarbonized energy system.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is somewhat committed to transitioning to a decarbonized energy system.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to transitioning to a decarbonized energy system.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects.
■ Is there a strategy and roadmap to facilitate the transition toward a fully decarbonized energy system by 2050? To what extent is the strategy based on clearly defined targets?
■ To what extent is the strategy binding? Are there established consequences for ministers if targets are missed?
■ Has the overall strategy been broken down into sector-specific action plans (e.g., electricity, heat, mobility etc.)? To what extent are these sector-specific targets aligned with the overall targets?
■ Are there policies backing sector-specific targets? (Name 1-2 measures per sector)
■ Are there policies scaling back fossil-based energy?
Are there policies undermining the goal of a decarbonized energy system?
■ To what extent is public procurement aligned with the energy transition strategy?
■ Is there a lead unit, if so, which unit is it? If there are multiple units, which units are involved in energy policy? And are there effective coordination mechanisms to facilitate interministerial policy coordination?
■ If policy implementation is delegated in some manner to bureaucracies and executive agencies, to what extent do federal and subnational ministries monitor the activities of these bodies to ensure the effective implementation of government policies? Can central government ministries intervene at lower political levels if effective implementation is endangered?
■ To what extent does the government monitor progress toward medium- or long-term energy policy targets, such as technology-specific deployment or energy efficiency targets, and focus on areas with slow progress? What steps is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?
To what extent do existing labor market institutions support or hinder the transition to an adaptive labor market?
10
9
9
Labor market institutions are fully aligned with the goal of an adaptable labor market.
8
7
6
7
6
Labor market institutions are largely aligned with the goal of an adaptable labor market.
5
4
3
4
3
Labor market institutions are only somewhat aligned with the goal of an adaptable labor market.
2
1
1
Labor market institutions are not at all aligned with the goal of an adaptable labor market.
■ To what extent do policies and regulations encourage/discourage and empower/disempower people to develop their skills throughout their working life in response to changing labor market demands?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations incentivize/disincentivize employers to anticipate sustainability challenges in the labor market and invest in upskilling or reskilling their workforce?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations help firms absorb short-term economic shocks through short-time work schemes?
■ To what extent do services by employment agencies facilitate or impede worker mobility across firms, industries, regions and countries?
To what extent do existing labor market institutions support or hinder the transition to an inclusive labor market?
10
9
9
Labor market institutions are fully aligned with the goal of an inclusive labor market.
8
7
6
7
6
Labor market institutions are largely aligned with the goal of an inclusive labor market.
5
4
3
4
3
Labor market institutions are only somewhat aligned with the goal of an inclusive labor market.
2
1
1
Labor market institutions are not at all aligned with the goal of an inclusive labor market.
■ How effectively do policies and regulations combine accessible out-of-work benefits with active labor market programs to safeguard workers and to improve possibilities of finding a job?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations incentivize or discourage groups from entering employment or increasing working hours by addressing barriers to employment (e. g. through tax-benefit reforms and targeted in-work benefits)?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations target the proportion of young people not in employment, education or training?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations help workers achieve a work-life balance (e.g., through remote work arrangements)?
To what extent do existing labor market institutions support or hinder the mitigation of labor market risks?
10
9
9
Labor market institutions are fully aligned with the goal of protecting individuals against labor market risks.
8
7
6
7
6
Labor market institutions are largely aligned with the goal of protecting individuals against labor market risks.
5
4
3
4
3
Labor market institutions are only somewhat aligned with the goal of protecting individuals against labor market risks.
2
1
1
Labor market institutions are not at all aligned with the goal of protecting individuals against labor market risks.
■ How well do policies and regulations provide social protection for all workers by extending existing social insurance schemes to previously excluded worker categories or adapting them to non-standard forms of work?
■ To what extent can all workers benefit from protection through effective representation through trade unions or other means?
■ How well do policies and regulations provide for the portability of social rights, such as social insurance, pensions?
To what extent do existing tax institutions and procedures support or hinder adequate tax revenue flows?
10
9
9
The tax system is fully aligned with the goals of ensuring adequate tax revenues.
8
7
6
7
6
The tax system is largely aligned with the goals of ensuring adequate tax revenues.
5
4
3
4
3
The tax system is only somewhat aligned with the goals of ensuring adequate tax revenues.
2
1
1
The tax system is not at all aligned with the goals of ensuring adequate tax revenues.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of ensuring adequate revenue. In addition to policies and regulations, please comment on the effectiveness of the work carried out by fiscal authorities.
■ To what extent does the government address possible disincentives of the tax system that may discourage both individuals from seeking employment and companies from making investments?
■ To what extent are administrative capacities sufficient to collect the taxes levied? How effectively is tax evasion prosecuted?
To what extent do existing tax institutions and procedures consider equity aspects?
10
9
9
The tax system is fully aligned with the goal of ensuring equity.
8
7
6
7
6
The tax system is largely aligned with the goal of ensuring equity.
5
4
3
4
3
The tax system is only somewhat aligned with the goal of ensuring equity.
2
1
1
The tax system is not at all aligned with the goal of ensuring equity.
1. How equitably do existing tax policies treat different groups of economic actors with similar tax-paying abilities (horizontal equity)?
2. To what extent does the tax system impose higher taxes on individuals or companies with greater ability to pay (vertical equity)?
To what extent do existing tax institutions and procedures minimize compliance and collection costs?
10
9
9
The tax system is fully aligned with the goal of minimizing compliance and collection costs.
8
7
6
7
6
The tax system is largely aligned with the goal of minimizing compliance and collection costs.
5
4
3
4
3
The tax system is only somewhat aligned with the goal of minimizing compliance and collection costs.
2
1
1
The tax system is not at all aligned with the goal of minimizing compliance and collection costs.
■ How transparent and easily understandable are the tax rules, and to what degree do they minimize compliance costs for taxpayers (such as form filling and consulting fees)?
■ To what extent do the tax rules promote transparency and comprehensibility, leading to reduced administrative collection costs for tax institutions and avoiding expensive tax litigation?
To what extent do existing tax institutions and procedures internalize negative and positive externalities?
10
9
9
The tax system is fully aligned with the goal of internalizing externalities.
8
7
6
7
6
The tax system is largely aligned with the goal of internalizing externalities.
5
4
3
4
3
The tax system is only somewhat aligned with the goal of internalizing externalities.
2
1
1
The tax system is not at all aligned with the goal of internalizing externalities.
■ To what extent are taxes and subsidies introduced to internalize negative externalities (e.g., by taxing environmentally harmful behavior)?
■ To what extent are taxes and subsidies introduced to internalize positive externalities (e.g., by providing subsidies for basic research that benefits the public)?
To what extent do existing budgetary institutions and procedures support or hinder sustainable budgeting?
10
9
9
Budgetary institutions and policies are fully aligned with the goals of sustainable budgeting.
8
7
6
7
6
Budgetary institutions and policies are largely aligned with the goals of sustainable budgeting.
5
4
3
4
3
Budgetary institutions and policies are only somewhat aligned with the goals of sustainable budgeting.
2
1
1
Budgetary institutions and policies are not at all aligned with the goals of sustainable budgeting.
1. Establishing budgetary rules that ensure fiscal resilience.
2. Implementing budgetary procedures that ensure transparency.
3. Setting budgetary priorities that reflect future well-being.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of sustainable budgeting.
■ Does the implementation of fiscal rules (e.g., a debt brake) effectively compel policymakers to provide public goods efficiently and prevent a continuous increase in government debt?
■ To what extent do budgetary rules mandate the accumulation of financial reserves during economic expansions to enhance financial capacity during times of crisis?
■ To what extent do budgetary rules prioritize public investment and safeguard future investment opportunities?
■ To what extent does the government incorporate long-term planning and conduct systematic, forward-looking assessments of the budget’s impact?
■ How transparent or opaque is the budgetary process? Are there numerous subsidiary budgets outside the normal budget?
■ Do the national budget or specific budget lines explicitly address the SDGs or other transformation goals?
■ Are there target values associated with expenditures for economic and social development?
How committed is the government to utilizing research and innovation as drivers for the transition to a sustainable economy and society?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to utilizing research and innovation as drivers for the transition to a sustainable economy and society.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to utilizing research and innovation as drivers for the transition toward a sustainable economy and society.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is somewhat committed to utilizing research and innovation as drivers for the transition toward a sustainable economy and society.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to utilizing research and innovation as drivers for the transition toward a sustainable economy and society.
■ Is there a national research and innovation strategy and roadmap in place for achieving a transition to a sustainable economy and society, with clearly defined goals? To what extent is it binding?
■ Has the strategy been broken down into sector-specific action plans? If so, please illustrate with examples. How aligned are these sector-specific targets with the overall targets?
■ Does the government foster an innovation-friendly environment, thereby enabling startups (companies) to effectively translate scientific advancements into more resource-efficient products? Are there any bureaucratic obstacles hindering this process? How easy is rising venture capital for start ups?
■ Is there a lead unit, if so, which unit is that? If there are multiple units, which units are involved in research and innovation policy? And are there effective coordination mechanisms to facilitate interministerial policy coordination?
■ How often does the government monitor the progress of research and innovation outcomes?
■ If policy implementation is delegated in some manner to bureaucracies and executive agencies, to what extent do federal and subnational ministries monitor the activities of these bodies to ensure the effective implementation of government policies?
How committed and credible is the government in its activities to guide the effective regulation and supervision of the international financial architecture?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to ensuring the stability of the global financial system.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to ensuring the stability of the global financial system.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is somewhat committed to ensuring the stability of the global financial system.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to ensuring the stability of the global financial system.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of a country’s commitment to a stable global financial system. In addition to policies and regulations, please comment on the effectiveness of the work carried out by financial supervisory authorities.
■ To what extent has the government effectively and credibly implemented relevant international agreements to prevent and combat high-risk financial activities that pose systemic risks?
■ To what extent has the government taken action to enhance information transparency in international financial markets, particularly regarding nonbank financial intermediaries, and strengthen consumer protection?
■ To what extent has the government argued in favor of coordinated, international steps to reform the global financial system and to eliminate tax and regulatory havens?
Social Sustainability
To what extent do policies and regulations in the education system hinder or facilitate high-quality education and training?
10
9
9
Education policies are fully aligned with the goal of ensuring high-quality education and training.
8
7
6
7
6
Education policies are largely aligned with the goal of ensuring high-quality education and training.
5
4
3
4
3
Education policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of ensuring high-quality education and training.
2
1
1
Education policies are not at all aligned with the goal of ensuring high-quality education and training.
■ To what extent do policies and regulations ensure the provision of necessary financial and human resources, even during times of economic crisis or government transitions?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations ensure the continuous monitoring of labor market demands, enabling the adaptation of education and training programs (also in different regions) to provide relevant hands-on skills?
■ To what extent do individuals have access to lifelong learning opportunities?
■ To what extent do the framework conditions of the education system facilitate the recruitment of highly skilled educators?
■ To what extent is education for sustainable development integrated into the curricula of all school levels?
To what extent does the current policy approach in the education system hinder or facilitate equitable access to high-quality education and training?
10
9
9
Education policies are fully aligned with the goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality education and training.
8
7
6
7
6
Education policies are largely aligned with the goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality education and training.
5
4
3
4
3
Education policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality education and training.
2
1
1
Education policies are not at all aligned with the goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality education and training.
■ To what extent do policies and regulations de facto ensure equal access to early childhood development, care and preprimary education, thereby preparing children for primary education?
■ To what extent does the education system ensure equitable access to all levels of education for all, regardless of socioeconomic background?
■ To what extent does the education system provide second-chance education opportunities for individuals with very low levels of skills upon leaving education?
To what extent do existing institutions ensure equal access to essential services and basic income support for those in need?
10
9
9
Existing essential public services and basic income support are fully aligned with the goal of ensuring equal access for those in need.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing essential public services and basic income support are largely aligned with the goal of ensuring equal access for those in need.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing essential public services and basic income support are only somewhat aligned with the goal of ensuring equal access for those in need.
2
1
1
Existing essential public services and basic income support are not at all aligned with the goal of ensuring equal access for those in need.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects concerning equal access. Additionally, please comment on the effectiveness of the agencies responsible for providing these essential services.
■ To what extent do institutions inform eligible individuals about their rights to access essential services and basic income support?
■ To what extent do institutions provide facilitated access to essential services and basic income support?
■ To what extent do national policies ensure that everyone in need has access to cash transfers, subsidies, earmarked financial support or benefits-in-kind in the following areas:
o Housing, water and sanitation?
o Energy?
o Public transport?
o Digital infrastructure?
o Financial services (e.g., banking, debt relief services)?
To what extent do existing institutions and policies ensure high-quality services and basic income support?
10
9
9
Existing essential public services and basic income support are fully aligned with the goal of satisfying basic human needs.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing essential public services and basic income support are largely aligned with the goal of satisfying basic human needs.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing essential public services and basic income support are only somewhat aligned with the goal of satisfying basic human needs.
2
1
1
Existing essential public services and basic income support are not at all aligned with the goal of satisfying basic human needs.
A sustainable system of essential public services and basic income support should guarantee support levels that enables everyone to meet his/her basic needs. To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects of ensuring high-quality services and basic income support. Additionally, please comment on the effectiveness of the agencies responsible for providing these essential services.
■ To what extent does the generosity of basic income benefits enable the fulfillment of basic human needs?
■ To what extent do policies and services ensure that the level of cash transfers, subsidies, earmarked financial support or benefits-in-kind meet basic human needs in the areas of:
1. Housing, water and sanitation
2. Energy
3. Public transport
4. Digital infrastructure
5. Financial services
To what extent does current health policy hinder or facilitate health system resilience?
10
9
9
Health policies are fully aligned with the goal of achieving a resilient health system.
8
7
6
7
6
Health policies are largely aligned with the goal of achieving a resilient health system.
5
4
3
4
3
Health policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of achieving a resilient health system.
2
1
1
Health policies are not at all aligned with the goal of achieving a resilient health system.
■ To what extent do policies and regulations foster investment in digital infrastructure and utilize health data to monitor emerging threats and accurately assess public health matters?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations ensure the availability of health products and services when and where they are needed, even in times of crisis?
■ To what extent is the government implementing measures to offset the rising costs caused by an aging population, advancements in medical technology, and systemic disincentives by utilizing potential efficiencies (e.g., through increasing transparency of health services)?
To what extent does current health policy hinder or facilitate achieving high-quality healthcare?
10
9
9
Health policies are fully aligned with the goal of achieving high-quality healthcare.
8
7
6
7
6
Health policies are largely aligned with the goal of achieving high-quality healthcare.
5
4
3
4
3
Health policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of achieving high-quality healthcare.
2
1
1
Health policies are not at all aligned with the goal of achieving high-quality healthcare.
■ To what extent do policies and regulations foster preventive healthcare, including detection and treatment, as well as the adoption of a healthy lifestyle?
■ To what extent are policies and regulations effective in providing timely and quality services?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations (in particular organization and financing structures) ensure that individuals receive the right care at the right place in the right time (integrated care)?
To what extent does current health policy hinder or facilitate equitable access to high-quality healthcare?
10
9
9
Health policies are fully aligned with the goal of achieving equitable access to high-quality healthcare.
8
7
6
7
6
Health policies are largely aligned with the goal of achieving equitable access to high-quality healthcare.
5
4
3
4
3
Health policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of achieving equitable access to high-quality healthcare.
2
1
1
Health policies are not at all aligned with the goal of achieving equitable access to high-quality healthcare.
■ To what extent do policies and regulations ensure equitable access to healthcare in terms of timeliness, quality and scope, regardless of socioeconomic status, age, gender, ethnicity etc.?
■ To what extent is essential healthcare equally guaranteed in all regions of the country?
How committed is the government to ensuring gender equality in all respects?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to the goal of ensuring gender equality.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to the goal of ensuring gender equality.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is only somewhat committed to the goal of ensuring gender equality.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to the goal of ensuring gender equality.
1. Protect women and girls from all forms of physical and psychological violence.
2. Promote women’s and girls’ participation, equal opportunities and empowerment in education, labor market participation and healthcare.
3. Ensure women’s participation and equal opportunities at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.
4 Ensure men’s participation and equal opportunities in caregiving.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects.
■ Is there a strategy for ensuring gender equality with clearly defined goals? Are these goals linked to specific target values? To what extent is the strategy binding?
■ Has the strategy been broken down into concrete action plans? If so, please illustrate with a few examples.
■ How comprehensive are the policies addressing the aforementioned goals?
■ To what extent do existing policies support or undermine recent policy efforts targeting gender equality in the areas specified above?
■ Is there a lead unit, if so, which unit is it? If there are multiple units, which units are involved in gender equality policy? And are there effective coordination mechanisms to facilitate interministerial policy coordination?
■ How many indicators are used to measure the outcomes related to the aforementioned goals? What steps, if any, is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?
To what extent does the current family policy approach support or hinder unpaid family care work?
10
9
9
Family policies are fully aligned with the goal of creating the conditions for strong families.
8
7
6
7
6
Family policies are largely aligned with the goal of creating the conditions for strong families.
5
4
3
4
3
Family policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of creating the conditions for strong families.
2
1
1
Family policies are not at all aligned with the goal of creating family-friendly conditions.
■ To what extent does the family support system include maternity leave systems that provide job protection and adequate wage replacement schemes in line with the WHO guidelines of 6 months?
■ To what extent does the family support system provide parents with paid leave to care for sick children and elderly family members in need of assistance?
■ To what extent do parental leave policies promote shared responsibility within households and the families?
■ To what extent does the family support system ensure universal access to affordable, accessible, and high-quality childcare for children below school age?
■ To what extent do policies and regulations provide financial support (e.g., child benefits, child supplements, tax-free allowances for children) that maintain economic stability for families, ensure basic financial security, and support individuals in their decision to have children?
To what extent does the current pension policy approach prevent poverty among senior citizens?
10
9
9
Pension policies are fully aligned with the goal of preventing old-age poverty.
8
7
6
7
6
Pension policies are largely aligned with the goal of preventing old-age poverty.
5
4
3
4
3
Pension policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of preventing old-age poverty.
2
1
1
Pension policies are not at all aligned with the goal of preventing old-age poverty.
■ To what extent does the pension system ensure an adequate old-age income for individuals in non-standard employment or with interrupted employment biographies (e.g., low-skilled, self-employed individuals, long-term unemployed, single parents, chronically ill individuals, or those with a migration background)?
■ To what extent does the pension system provide an old-age income that enables all citizens to meet their basic needs?
To what extent does the current pension policy approach hinder or promote intergenerational equity?
10
9
9
Pension policies are fully aligned with the goal of achieving intergenerational equity.
8
7
6
7
6
Pension policies are largely aligned with the goal of achieving intergenerational equity.
5
4
3
4
3
Pension policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of achieving intergenerational equity.
2
1
1
Pension policies are not at all aligned with the goal of achieving intergenerational equity.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects concerning intergenerational equity.
■ To what extent does the pension system provide incentives for individuals to work longer and to exit if work capability is low?
■ To what extent is the pension system funded in a manner that guarantees an adequate old-age income in the future?
To what extent does the current policy approach hinder or facilitate the inclusion of migrants into society and the labor market?
10
9
9
Integration policies are fully aligned with achieving the sustainable inclusion of migrants in society.
8
7
6
7
6
Integration policies are largely aligned with achieving the sustainable inclusion of migrants in society.
5
4
3
4
3
Integration policies are only somewhat aligned with achieving the sustainable inclusion of migrants in society.
2
1
1
Integration policies are not at all aligned with achieving the sustainable inclusion of migrants in society.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects concerning the inclusion of migrants.
■ To what extent do immigrants have equal and full access to the labor market? To what extent do recognition procedures for skills and qualifications effectively facilitate the integration of migrants into the labor market?
■ To what extent are language courses provided early on?
■ To what extent are professional training programs, mentoring or employer incentives available for migrants?
■ To what extent do integration policies provide opportunities for family reunion?
■ To what extent do integration policies provide opportunities for political participation?
■ How streamlined is the process for immigrants to obtain citizenship?
■ As migrants have unique personal circumstances, objectives, skills and needs, how well do integration measures target and provide tailored support to individuals rather than treating migrants as a homogenous group? E.g., to what extent do immigrants receive tailored support to complete preschool, vocational and, in particular, higher education?
■ Has the government established specific target values for addressing the needs of migrants and offering tailored support to them? How many indicators are used to measure outcomes related to the inclusion of migrants?
■ Is there a lead unit, if so, which unit is it? If there are multiple units, which units are involved in migration policy? And are there effective coordination mechanisms to facilitate interministerial policy coordination?
How committed is the government to helping build the capacity to reduce poverty and provide social protection in low- and middle-income countries?
10
9
9
The government’s development cooperation strategy is fully aligned with the goal of improving capacity-building for poverty reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
8
7
6
7
6
The government’s development cooperation strategy is largely aligned with the goal of improving capacity-building for poverty reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
5
4
3
4
3
The government’s development cooperation strategy is only somewhat aligned with the goal of improving capacity-building in poverty reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
2
1
1
The government’s development cooperation strategy is not all aligned with the goal of improving capacity-building for poverty reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects.
■ Is there a development strategy and roadmap with clearly defined capacity-building targets for recipient countries? To what extent is it binding?
■ How (and how often) does the government monitor progress in capacity-building in recipient countries? How many indicators are used to measure the outcomes related to capacity-building? What steps is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?
■ To what extent do existing cooperation policies align with or undermine policy efforts aimed at capacity-building for poverty reduction? Are there binding standards for developing actions for global poverty reduction in collaboration with recipient countries and local actors?
■ To what extent are official development assistance flows for poverty eradication predictable?
■ To what extent does the government improve access to technology and (scientific) knowledge to facilitate knowledge-sharing and foster innovation in developing countries?
■ To what extent does the government provide access to affordable essential medicines, vaccines and healthcare services, including efforts to recruit, train and retain a sufficient health workforce?
Environmental Sustainability
How committed is the government to the goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is only somewhat committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050.
1. Reduce or eliminate the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas, by companies and private households
2. Decrease consumption of climate-damaging goods
3. Preserve and expand natural greenhouse gas sinks (e.g., increasing afforestation and reforestation)
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects.
■ Is there a strategy to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 with clearly defined goals? To what extent is it binding?
■ Has the strategy been broken down into sector-specific action plans (e.g., energy, transport, industry, agriculture)? If so, please illustrate with a few examples. To what extent are sector-specific targets aligned with the overall targets?
■ How comprehensive are the strategy and designated policies regarding the aforementioned goals?
■ How do existing policies either support or undermine climate action efforts?
■ To what extent is public procurement aligned with the climate action strategy?
■ How (and how often) does the government monitor progress? How many indicators are used to measure outcomes regarding the aforementioned goals? What steps is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?
■ To what extent do independent climate councils exist that regularly monitor the achievement of climate targets and advise the government and parliament on appropriate strategies?
■ To what extent do courts review the achievement of climate targets?
■ If policy implementation is delegated in some manner to bureaucracies and executive agencies, to what extent do federal and subnational ministries monitor the activities of these bodies to ensure effective implementation of government policies? Can central government ministries intervene at lower political levels if effective implementation is endangered?
How committed is the government to protecting the public from environmental health risks?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to the goal of protecting environmental health.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to the goal of protecting environmental health.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is only somewhat committed to the goal of protecting environmental health.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to the goal of protecting environmental health.
1. Reduce and prevent air pollution (e.g., household solid fuels, ozone exposure, nitrogen oxides exposure, sulfur dioxide exposure and carbon monoxide exposure)
2. Reduce and prevent water pollution by eliminating dumping and minimizing the release of hazardous chemicals and materials
3. Reduce and prevent soil pollution resulting from the accumulation of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts and radioactive materials (e.g., petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and solvents)
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects:
■ Is there a strategy in place to prevent environmental pollution and associated health risks, with clearly defined goals? To what extent is it binding?
■ Has the overall strategy been broken down into individual action plans targeting specific ecosystems in the air, water and soil? If so, please illustrate with a few examples.
■ How comprehensive are the strategy and designated policies regarding the aforementioned goals?
■ To what extent do existing policies support or undermine policy efforts targeting the protection of environmental health?
■ How (and how often) does the government monitor progress? How many indicators are used to measure outcomes regarding the aforementioned goals? What steps is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?
■ If policy implementation is delegated in some manner to bureaucracies and executive agencies, to what extent do federal and subnational ministries monitor the activities of these bodies and ensure the effective implementation of government policies? Can central government ministries intervene at lower political levels if effective implementation is endangered?
How committed is the government to preserving ecosystems and protecting biodiversity?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to protecting ecosystems and biodiversity.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to protecting ecosystems and biodiversity.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is only somewhat committed to protecting ecosystems and biodiversity.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to protecting ecosystems and biodiversity.
1. Restoring degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods
2. Halting deforestation and increasing afforestation and reforestation
3. Ensuring sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices to increase productivity and improve land and soil quality
4. Strengthening the resilience of marine and coastal ecosystems and taking action to restore them
5. Ensuring the conservation and restoration of terrestrial freshwater ecosystems, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in accordance with international agreements
6. Preventing poaching and trafficking of protected flora and fauna species
7. Preventing overfishing practices and restoring fish stocks
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects.
■ Is there a strategy to safeguard ecosystem vitality and prevent biodiversity loss, with clearly formulated goals? To what extent is it binding?
■ Has the overall strategy been broken down into individual action plans targeting specific ecosystems in the air, water and on land? If so, please illustrate with a few examples.
■ How comprehensive are the strategy and designated policies regarding the aforementioned goals?
■ To what extent do existing policies support or undermine policy efforts targeting the protection of ecosystems vitality?
■ How (and how often) does the government monitor progress? How many indicators are used to measure outcomes regarding the aforementioned goals? What steps is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?
■ If policy implementation is delegated in some manner to bureaucracies and executive agencies, to what extent do federal and subnational ministries monitor the activities of these bodies to ensure the effective implementation of government policies? Can central government ministries intervene at lower political levels if effective implementation is endangered?
To what extent is the government committed and credible in designing and promoting global environmental protection regimes and policies?
10
9
9
Government policy and institutions are fully aligned with efforts to achieve global environmental sustainability.
8
7
6
7
6
Government policy and institutions are largely aligned with efforts to achieve global environmental sustainability.
5
4
3
4
3
Government policy and institutions are somewhat aligned with efforts to achieve global environmental sustainability.
2
1
1
Government policy and institutions are not at all aligned with efforts to achieve global environmental sustainability.
To ensure optimal comparability of score values across countries, please provide a summary evaluation of the following aspects.
■ Is there an environmental cooperation strategy and roadmap with clearly defined capacity-building targets in recipient countries? To what extent is it binding?
■ To what extent does the government assess and address the spillover effects of its national environmental policies/regulatory regimes on the environment outside its borders and adapt national policies accordingly?
■ To what extent do existing cooperation policies support or undermine policy efforts aimed at capacity-building for global environment protection?
■ To what extent does the government contribute, within its means, to capacity-building and skills development in developing countries to assist them in formulating and implementing sustainable environmental plans?
■ To what extent does the government, within its means, engage in the development, transfer and dissemination of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favorable terms?
■ How (and how often) does the government monitor progress in capacity-building in recipient countries? How many indicators are used to measure outcomes regarding capacity-building? What steps is the government taking to continually expand and improve these indicators?