SGI 2022 | Sustainable Policies | Economic Policies | Budgets

What is the ratio of general government external debt to GDP?

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Time series

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Values among 41 countries

Indicator metadata and score calculation

Definition:	Gross external debt position, general government, all maturities, all instruments, as percent of GDP
Year:	2021
Unit:	Percent
Direction:	Low values translate into high scores
Source 1:	World Bank, Quarterly External Debt Statistics, IMF World Economic Outlook
Data for:	AUS, AUT, BEL, BGR, CAN, CHL, HRV, CYP, CZE, DNK, EST, FIN, FRA, DEU, GRC, HUN, ISL, IRL, ISR, ITA, JPN, KOR, LVA, LTU, LUX, MLT, MEX, NLD, NZL, NOR, POL, PRT, ROU, SVK, SVN, ESP, SWE, CHE, TUR, GBR, USA
Exceptions:	IRL (2019), LVA (2020)
Annotation:	World Bank: Dataset: Quarterly External Debt Statistics SDDS, Gross Ext. Debt Pos., general government, all maturities, all instruments, USD [DT.DOD.DECT.CD.GG.AR.US], debt position at 4th quarter of each reference year. URL: https://databank.worldbank.o… extracted June 11th, 2022 IMF: Dataset: World Economic Outlook April 2022, gross domestic product, current prices, USD [NGDPD] URL: https://www.imf.org/en/Publi… extracted June 11th, 2022

Calculation:	Long-term data series were used to set appropriate minimum and maximum values.
Minimum:	0
Maximum:	0.725
/	Below/Above IQR boundary value. See FAQ for further information.
Distance:	Distance=(value for calculation-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)
Score:	Score=10-relative distance*9
Annotat.:	Indicator calculated by Margit Kraus (Calculus Consult)

Additional annotations and exceptions

Data on gross external debt position refer to fourth quarter of each respective year.

Top group

Score

External Debt to GDP

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Switzerland

9.6

0.03

South Korea

9.0

0.08

Upper middle group

Sweden

8.9

0.09

Denmark

8.8

0.10

Malta

8.8

0.10

Czechia

8.6

0.11

Bulgaria

8.5

0.12

Iceland

8.5

0.12

Luxembourg

8.5

0.12

Israel

8.4

0.13

Chile

8.3

0.14

Turkey

8.3

0.14

Mexico

8.1

0.15

Poland

8.1

0.15

Estonia

8.0

0.16

New Zealand

7.8

0.18

Australia

7.6

0.19

Netherlands

7.5

0.20

Hungary

7.1

0.23

Romania

7.1

0.23

Norway

7.0

0.24

Canada

6.8

0.26

Croatia

6.8

0.26

Germany

6.0

0.32

Lithuania

6.0

0.32

Lower middle group

Slovakia

5.9

0.33

USA

5.8

0.34

Finland

5.7

0.35

Japan

5.7

0.35

5.7

0.35

Latvia

5.4

0.37

Ireland

4.9

0.41

Slovenia

4.8

0.42

Italy

4.3

0.46

Austria

3.3

0.54

Spain

3.2

0.55

Bottom group

France

2.9

0.57

Portugal

2.4

0.61

Belgium

2.1

0.64

Cyprus

1.0

0.88

Greece

1.0

1.49