SGI 2022 | Sustainable Policies | Economic Policies | Research, Innovation and Infrastructure

How high is public R&D expenditure, as a percentage of GDP?

€EUOECD

Time series

Select Compare to SGI Values Y Axis (Max/Min):

Values among 41 countries

Indicator metadata and score calculation

Definition:	Government-financed gross expenditure on R&D, percent of GDP
Year:	2020
Unit:	Percent
Direction:	High values translate into high scores
Source 1:	Eurostat Online Database
Data for:	AUT, BEL, BGR, HRV, CYP, CZE, DNK, EST, FIN, FRA, DEU, GRC, HUN, ISL, IRL, ITA, LVA, LTU, LUX, MLT, NLD, NOR, POL, PRT, ROU, SVK, SVN, ESP, SWE, CHE, TUR
Exceptions:	BEL (2019), BGR (2019), CYP (2019), DNK (2019), EST (2019), FIN (2019), FRA (2019), DEU (2019), HUN (2019), IRL (2019), ITA (2019), LVA (2019), LTU (2019), LUX (2019), MLT (2019), NLD (2019), NOR (2019), POL (2019), ROU (2019), SVN (2019), ESP (2019), SWE (2019), CHE (2019)
Annotation:	Eurostat: Dataset: Intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by sectors of performance and source of funds [rd_e_gerdfund] URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurost… extracted June 11th, 2022
Source 2:	OECD Online Database
Data for:	AUS, CAN, CHL, ISR, JPN, KOR, MEX, NZL, GBR, USA
Exceptions:	AUS (2008), CHL (2019), ISR (2019), NZL (2019), GBR (2019)
Annotation:	OECD: Dataset: Main Science and Technology Indicators URL: https://stats.oecd.org/Index… extracted June 11th, 2022

Calculation:	Long-term data series were used to set appropriate minimum and maximum values.
Maximum:	1.205
Minimum:	0
/	Above/Below IQR boundary value. See FAQ for further information.
Distance:	Distance=(value for calculation-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)
Score:	Score=1+relative distance*9

Top group

Score

Public R&D Spending

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South Korea

9.1

1.08

Upper middle group

Austria

8.9

1.06

Norway

8.5

1.01

Germany

7.6

0.88

Switzerland

7.4

0.86

Denmark

7.3

0.84

Sweden

7.1

0.82

Australia

6.8

0.78

Finland

6.8

0.78

Iceland

6.6

0.75

France

6.2

0.69

USA

6.2

0.69

Czechia

6.1

0.68

Lower middle group

Greece

5.8

0.64

Netherlands

5.8

0.64

Estonia

5.6

0.61

Portugal

5.5

0.60

Belgium

5.2

0.56

Canada

5.2

0.56

Luxembourg

4.8

0.51

Poland

4.8

0.51

Slovenia

4.8

0.51

Japan

4.7

0.50

Hungary

4.7

0.49

Israel

4.7

0.49

Italy

4.5

0.47

Spain

4.5

0.47

Croatia

4.4

0.46

4.4

0.46

New Zealand

4.3

0.44

Slovakia

3.7

0.36

Lithuania

3.4

0.32

Turkey

3.3

0.31

Ireland

3.1

0.28

Bottom group

Cyprus

2.9

0.25

Latvia

2.7

0.23

Mexico

2.7

0.23

Bulgaria

2.5

0.20

Malta

2.3

0.18

Romania

2.2

0.16

Chile

2.1

0.15

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