SGI 2022 | Sustainable Policies | Social Policies | Education

What percentage of GDP is spent on pre-primary education?

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Time series

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Values among 41 countries

Indicator metadata and score calculation

Definition:	Public expenditure on pre-primary education, percent of GDP
Year:	2019
Unit:	Percent
Direction:	High values translate into high scores
Source 1:	Eurostat Online Database
Data for:	AUT, BEL, BGR, HRV, CYP, CZE, DNK, EST, FIN, FRA, DEU, GRC, HUN, ISL, IRL, ITA, LVA, LTU, LUX, MLT, NLD, NOR, POL, PRT, ROU, SVK, SVN, ESP, SWE, CHE, TUR, GBR
Exceptions:	BGR (2018), CZE (2018), EST (2013), IRL (2015), PRT (2018), SVK (2018), CHE (2018)
Annotation:	Eurostat: Public expenditure on education by education level and programme orientation - as % of GDP [educ_uoe_fine06; years up to 2011: educ_figdp] URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurosta… https://ec.europa.eu/eurosta… extracted June 11th, 2022
Source 2:	UNESCO Online Database
Data for:	AUS, CHL, ISR, JPN, KOR, MEX, NZL, USA
Exceptions:	AUS (2018), CHL (2018), ISR (2018), JPN (2016), KOR (2018), MEX (2012), NZL (2018), USA (2018)
Annotation:	Unesco: Dataset: Other policy relevant indicators URL: http://data.uis.unesco.org/I… extracted June 11th, 2022 (data for JPN extracted May 9th, 2020)
Source 3:	ECE Early Childhood Education Report, IMF World Economic Outlook
Data for:	CAN
Exceptions:	CAN (2020)
Annotation:	Source for CAN (2020): Atkinson Centre for Society and Child Development, Early Childhood Education Report 2020, p. 8. URL: https://ecereport.ca/media/u… retrieved July 5th, 2022 Sources for CAN (2017, 2014, 2011): Atkinson Centre for Society and Child Development, Early Childhood Education Report 2017, change in total provincial/territorial ECE spending https://ecereport.ca/en/earl… retrieved July 5th, 2022 IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2022, gross domestic product, current prices, national currency, billions [NGDP] URL: https://www.imf.org/en/Publi… extracted July 5th, 2022 Source for CAN (2004): OECD Starting Strong II: Early Childhood Education and Care, data for figure 5.3, p. 246. URL: http://www.oecd.org/educatio… https://www.oecd-ilibrary.or… Source for CAN (1995-2000): Unesco: Dataset: Other policy relevant indicators URL: http://data.uis.unesco.org/I… extracted June 11th, 2022

Calculation:	Long-term data series were used to set appropriate minimum and maximum values.
Maximum:	1.15
Minimum:	0
/	Above/Below IQR boundary value. See FAQ for further information.
Distance:	Distance=(value for calculation-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)
Score:	Score=1+relative distance*9
Annotat.:	Indicator for CAN (2017, 2014, 2011) calculated by Margit Kraus (Calculus Consult)

Top group

Score

Pre-primary Expenditure

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Sweden

9.8

1.12

Upper middle group

Bulgaria

8.2

0.92

Iceland

8.0

0.90

Israel

7.9

0.88

Latvia

7.3

0.81

Finland

7.0

0.77

Chile

6.8

0.74

Poland

6.7

0.73

Norway

6.6

0.72

Lithuania

6.5

0.70

Belgium

6.3

0.68

France

6.2

0.67

Hungary

6.2

0.67

Canada

6.2

0.66

Lower middle group

Croatia

5.4

0.56

Czechia

5.3

0.55

Germany

5.3

0.55

Slovakia

5.3

0.55

Mexico

5.1

0.53

Luxembourg

5.1

0.52

Slovenia

5.0

0.51

Italy

4.8

0.49

Denmark

4.5

0.45

Spain

4.4

0.43

Switzerland

4.1

0.40

New Zealand

4.1

0.39

South Korea

4.0

0.38

Malta

3.9

0.37

Romania

3.9

0.37

Austria

3.8

0.36

Portugal

3.8

0.36

Estonia

3.7

0.35

Netherlands

3.7

0.35

USA

3.6

0.33

Turkey

3.4

0.31

Cyprus

3.2

0.28

Greece

3.1

0.27

Bottom group

Australia

2.7

0.22

2.7

0.22

Japan

1.8

0.10

Ireland

1.5

0.07