Social Sustainability
#9Key Findings
Slovenia falls into the upper-middle ranks internationally (rank 9) in the category of social sustainability.
Education spending has risen, but the system faces acute staffing shortages. Student performance has declined in recent years, likely due to long pandemic-era school closures. Income inequalities are moderate by international standards, due to low wage inequalities, progressive income taxation and robust redistribution through social transfers. Employment rates are high.
The healthcare system is accessible to all. Long waiting times, staffing shortages, corruption and ongoing privatization are all challenges. The government introduced compulsory health contributions in 2024 to address some of these issues.
The constitution prohibits gender discrimination, but segregation persists in education and the labor market. The gender pay gap remains significant. Family policies are strong, and more than 80% of children attend kindergarten between the ages of 1 and 5. Despite improvements, migrants face barriers to equal access in the labor market, education and healthcare.
Education spending has risen, but the system faces acute staffing shortages. Student performance has declined in recent years, likely due to long pandemic-era school closures. Income inequalities are moderate by international standards, due to low wage inequalities, progressive income taxation and robust redistribution through social transfers. Employment rates are high.
The healthcare system is accessible to all. Long waiting times, staffing shortages, corruption and ongoing privatization are all challenges. The government introduced compulsory health contributions in 2024 to address some of these issues.
The constitution prohibits gender discrimination, but segregation persists in education and the labor market. The gender pay gap remains significant. Family policies are strong, and more than 80% of children attend kindergarten between the ages of 1 and 5. Despite improvements, migrants face barriers to equal access in the labor market, education and healthcare.
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Graph View
To what extent do policies and regulations in the education system hinder or facilitate high-quality education and training?
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9
9
Education policies are fully aligned with the goal of ensuring high-quality education and training.
8
7
6
7
6
Education policies are largely aligned with the goal of ensuring high-quality education and training.
5
4
3
4
3
Education policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of ensuring high-quality education and training.
2
1
1
Education policies are not at all aligned with the goal of ensuring high-quality education and training.
Some indicators in the Slovenian education system demonstrate positive performance, with an 8% increase in spending between 2020 and 2021. A notable proportion of young Slovenians engage in education and training, with over two-thirds of those aged 18 to 24 still enrolled. Additionally, 38% of bachelor’s students have professional backgrounds, although they lack direct access to most academic programs. Slovenia also boasts high rates of upper secondary education completion, with only 6% of young men and 3% of young women not achieving this milestone.
However, staffing shortages in the education system present significant challenges. These shortages are particularly acute in kindergartens and primary and secondary schools, impacting the quality of education provided. Despite these challenges, ample opportunities for lifelong learning exist, especially for adults in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Despite these strengths, recent international surveys have revealed declining educational metrics. Deteriorating scores in reading literacy, civic education, and overall student achievement were reported in PIRLS 2021, ICCS 2022, and PISA 2022. A key reason for the decline is most likely the long closure of schools (118 days) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Additionally, Slovenian students reported significantly poorer quality of relationships with teachers, with an above-average proportion feeling disconnected from the school environment and experiencing low levels of support from math teachers. The ICCS 2022 survey indicated below-average ratings for the openness of classroom discussions and the student-teacher relationship. Furthermore, the PIRLS survey highlighted concerns about fourth-graders’ well-being, with over a quarter reporting feeling tired or hungry in the morning before school.
These challenges underscore the urgency of ongoing curriculum reforms, with experts advocating for increased educational prioritization and investment as part of the National Education Program preparation.
Citations:
OECD. 2023. “Education at a Glance 2023.” https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/e13bef63-en.pdf?expires=1707327623&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=4FD66AF749AB36F2E98185F13660BC9D
Igor Ž. Žagar. 2023. “Izjava direktorja Pedagoškega inštituta ob letošnjih rezultatih mednarodnih raziskav znanja.” https://www.pei.si/izjava-direktorja-pedagoskega-instituta-ob-letosnjih-rezultatih-mednarodnih-raziskav-znanja/
OECD Better Life Index. Slovenia. https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/slovenia/
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
However, staffing shortages in the education system present significant challenges. These shortages are particularly acute in kindergartens and primary and secondary schools, impacting the quality of education provided. Despite these challenges, ample opportunities for lifelong learning exist, especially for adults in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Despite these strengths, recent international surveys have revealed declining educational metrics. Deteriorating scores in reading literacy, civic education, and overall student achievement were reported in PIRLS 2021, ICCS 2022, and PISA 2022. A key reason for the decline is most likely the long closure of schools (118 days) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Additionally, Slovenian students reported significantly poorer quality of relationships with teachers, with an above-average proportion feeling disconnected from the school environment and experiencing low levels of support from math teachers. The ICCS 2022 survey indicated below-average ratings for the openness of classroom discussions and the student-teacher relationship. Furthermore, the PIRLS survey highlighted concerns about fourth-graders’ well-being, with over a quarter reporting feeling tired or hungry in the morning before school.
These challenges underscore the urgency of ongoing curriculum reforms, with experts advocating for increased educational prioritization and investment as part of the National Education Program preparation.
Citations:
OECD. 2023. “Education at a Glance 2023.” https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/e13bef63-en.pdf?expires=1707327623&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=4FD66AF749AB36F2E98185F13660BC9D
Igor Ž. Žagar. 2023. “Izjava direktorja Pedagoškega inštituta ob letošnjih rezultatih mednarodnih raziskav znanja.” https://www.pei.si/izjava-direktorja-pedagoskega-instituta-ob-letosnjih-rezultatih-mednarodnih-raziskav-znanja/
OECD Better Life Index. Slovenia. https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/slovenia/
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
To what extent does the current policy approach in the education system hinder or facilitate equitable access to high-quality education and training?
10
9
9
Education policies are fully aligned with the goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality education and training.
8
7
6
7
6
Education policies are largely aligned with the goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality education and training.
5
4
3
4
3
Education policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality education and training.
2
1
1
Education policies are not at all aligned with the goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality education and training.
The Slovenian education system is based on the principle of accessibility. All levels of education – primary, secondary, and tertiary – are part of the public education system. Primary education is accessible to all inhabitants thanks to a large network of primary schools. This network is supplemented by branch schools, ensuring that all children can attend a school as close as possible to their residence.
All children have the right to a primary school education under the same conditions. Parents can choose whether their child should be educated in a public or private primary school or at home. Together with the municipality, the schools organize free transport for students who reside more than 4 km from the school. Regardless of the distance from the primary school, pupils in Year 1 and other grades are entitled to free transport if the relevant road traffic prevention authority determines that their safety is at risk on the way to school.
The school organizes childcare for students waiting for transport home. A textbook fund is set up at schools from which students can borrow textbooks and materials they need for lessons.
In June 2023, the National Assembly adopted amendments to the Law on Elementary School and the Law on School Nutrition. The amendments will ensure free lunch for all students by 2027, and a higher ceiling for lunch subsidies will come into force at the start of the 2024 school year, meaning more children will receive free lunch.
The proportion of children enrolled in kindergarten is gradually increasing. In the 2022 – 2023 school year, almost 82% of all children in the 1 – 5 age group were enrolled in Slovenian kindergartens, a 7% increase from the 2012 – 2013 school year. Parents who enroll two children in kindergarten simultaneously are exempt from paying for the younger child. Additionally, parents are exempt from paying kindergarten fees for the third and each additional child from the same family, regardless of whether they are enrolled in kindergarten at the same time as their siblings.
Citations:
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “Znižano plačevanje vrtca.” https://www.gov.si/teme/znizano-placilo-vrtca/
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “O šoli.” https://www.gov.si/teme/o-osnovni-soli/
A. S. 2023. “Brezplačna kosila za vse osnovnošolce šele leta 2027, z letom 2024 več subvencij.” MMC RTV SLO, June 7. https://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/brezplacna-kosila-za-vse-osnovnosolce-sele-leta-2027-z-letom-2024-vec-subvencij/670990
All children have the right to a primary school education under the same conditions. Parents can choose whether their child should be educated in a public or private primary school or at home. Together with the municipality, the schools organize free transport for students who reside more than 4 km from the school. Regardless of the distance from the primary school, pupils in Year 1 and other grades are entitled to free transport if the relevant road traffic prevention authority determines that their safety is at risk on the way to school.
The school organizes childcare for students waiting for transport home. A textbook fund is set up at schools from which students can borrow textbooks and materials they need for lessons.
In June 2023, the National Assembly adopted amendments to the Law on Elementary School and the Law on School Nutrition. The amendments will ensure free lunch for all students by 2027, and a higher ceiling for lunch subsidies will come into force at the start of the 2024 school year, meaning more children will receive free lunch.
The proportion of children enrolled in kindergarten is gradually increasing. In the 2022 – 2023 school year, almost 82% of all children in the 1 – 5 age group were enrolled in Slovenian kindergartens, a 7% increase from the 2012 – 2013 school year. Parents who enroll two children in kindergarten simultaneously are exempt from paying for the younger child. Additionally, parents are exempt from paying kindergarten fees for the third and each additional child from the same family, regardless of whether they are enrolled in kindergarten at the same time as their siblings.
Citations:
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “Znižano plačevanje vrtca.” https://www.gov.si/teme/znizano-placilo-vrtca/
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “O šoli.” https://www.gov.si/teme/o-osnovni-soli/
A. S. 2023. “Brezplačna kosila za vse osnovnošolce šele leta 2027, z letom 2024 več subvencij.” MMC RTV SLO, June 7. https://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/brezplacna-kosila-za-vse-osnovnosolce-sele-leta-2027-z-letom-2024-vec-subvencij/670990
Graph View
To what extent do existing institutions ensure equal access to essential services and basic income support for those in need?
10
9
9
Existing essential public services and basic income support are fully aligned with the goal of ensuring equal access for those in need.
8
7
6
7
6
Existing essential public services and basic income support are largely aligned with the goal of ensuring equal access for those in need.
5
4
3
4
3
Existing essential public services and basic income support are only somewhat aligned with the goal of ensuring equal access for those in need.
2
1
1
Existing essential public services and basic income support are not at all aligned with the goal of ensuring equal access for those in need.
Slovenia demonstrates a strong commitment to social inclusion, with its low-income inequality highlighted by a Gini coefficient in December 2022. Slovenia ranked second lowest among EU member states. This achievement is primarily attributed to low wage inequality, progressive income taxation, and robust redistribution through social transfers. In 2021, only 5% of the working population aged 18 and over were at risk of poverty, which is below the EU average. While overall social exclusion risk levels remain among the EU’s lowest, certain vulnerable groups, such as children from less educated backgrounds and single-person households, face higher risks compared to the EU average.
Regarding well-being indicators, Slovenia performs admirably, with an average net disposable household income per capita of €23,500 annually and an average annual income of €38,500. The employment rate is commendably high, with 71% of individuals aged 15 to 64 in paid employment. Despite this, Slovenia faces challenges such as a higher-than-average loss of earnings for unemployed individuals compared to the OECD average. Efforts to address employment challenges include robust career counseling services, particularly targeting youth.
The housing situation in Slovenia is relatively favorable, with households spending an average of 19% of their adjusted gross disposable income on housing, below the OECD average. Dwellings typically offer 1.6 rooms per person, and nearly all have private access to a flush toilet. However, recent property price surges have hindered housing access for young families and students. Nonetheless, Slovenia boasts a strong social network, with 95% of its citizens having built connections exceeding the OECD average, providing crucial support systems during times of need.
Citations:
OECD: Better Life Index. Slovenia. https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/slovenia/
Trading economics. 2024. “Slovenia – Gini Coefficient of Equivalised Disposable Income.” https://tradingeconomics.com/slovenia/gini-coefficient-of-equivalised-disposable-income-eurostat-data.html
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
Regarding well-being indicators, Slovenia performs admirably, with an average net disposable household income per capita of €23,500 annually and an average annual income of €38,500. The employment rate is commendably high, with 71% of individuals aged 15 to 64 in paid employment. Despite this, Slovenia faces challenges such as a higher-than-average loss of earnings for unemployed individuals compared to the OECD average. Efforts to address employment challenges include robust career counseling services, particularly targeting youth.
The housing situation in Slovenia is relatively favorable, with households spending an average of 19% of their adjusted gross disposable income on housing, below the OECD average. Dwellings typically offer 1.6 rooms per person, and nearly all have private access to a flush toilet. However, recent property price surges have hindered housing access for young families and students. Nonetheless, Slovenia boasts a strong social network, with 95% of its citizens having built connections exceeding the OECD average, providing crucial support systems during times of need.
Citations:
OECD: Better Life Index. Slovenia. https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/slovenia/
Trading economics. 2024. “Slovenia – Gini Coefficient of Equivalised Disposable Income.” https://tradingeconomics.com/slovenia/gini-coefficient-of-equivalised-disposable-income-eurostat-data.html
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
To what extent do existing institutions and policies ensure high-quality services and basic income support?
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9
9
Existing essential public services and basic income support are fully aligned with the goal of satisfying basic human needs.
8
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7
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Existing essential public services and basic income support are largely aligned with the goal of satisfying basic human needs.
5
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3
4
3
Existing essential public services and basic income support are only somewhat aligned with the goal of satisfying basic human needs.
2
1
1
Existing essential public services and basic income support are not at all aligned with the goal of satisfying basic human needs.
As in other EU countries, the largest share of social protection expenditure in Slovenia is dedicated to old age, sickness, and healthcare. However, spending on unemployment increased significantly in 2020. Slovenian legislation does not offer a national definition of essential services. Additionally, there is no definition of low-income people regarding access to water, sanitation, and public transport. Specific measures aimed at facilitating low-income individuals’ access to water and sanitation services are also lacking. Cash social assistance and income support do not include provisions to cover water and sanitation costs. About 8.4% of Slovenians reported having difficulty affording regular use of public transport.
The Energy Act ensures that low-income customers have the right to an uninterrupted basic supply of electricity, natural gas, and heat. Necessary electricity is provided as a benefit in kind, while an essential supply of natural gas or district heating means that disconnection is merely postponed during critical supply periods. The energy efficiency program for low-income households was introduced as part of the National Energy Efficiency Plan 2014 – 2020 (adopted in 2015) with the goal of reducing the energy consumption of families experiencing energy poverty. Experts have warned that overly complex administrative procedures for financial support can discourage low-income households from applying for reduced energy bills.
In recent years, households have faced a sharp rise in energy costs, especially in some municipalities. The citizens of the municipality of Velenje received 30% to 50% higher heating bills in 2023. Due to unstable market conditions and the sharp rise in electricity prices, the government has capped the maximum permitted electricity prices. From 1 September 2022 to 31 December 2024, the government limited the maximum electricity prices for household customers, including apartment buildings, through the Regulation on the Electricity Price Determination Decree. In addition, an energy subsidy for the poorest households, a subsidy for families with children, and a subsidy for pensioners were granted in 2022.
Low-income users are entitled to social assistance or income supplements in digital and financial services. They pay a reduced rate for a universal service: €10.72 (the regular price is €14). Low-income users with disabilities are entitled to a 50% discount on connection to a public communications network at a fixed location and a 50% discount on a monthly subscription to publicly accessible telephone services at a fixed location.
Citations:
Baptista, I., and E. Marlier. 2020. Access to Essential Services for People on Low Incomes in Europe: An Analysis of Policies in 35 Countries. Publications office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2767/93987
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
The Energy Act ensures that low-income customers have the right to an uninterrupted basic supply of electricity, natural gas, and heat. Necessary electricity is provided as a benefit in kind, while an essential supply of natural gas or district heating means that disconnection is merely postponed during critical supply periods. The energy efficiency program for low-income households was introduced as part of the National Energy Efficiency Plan 2014 – 2020 (adopted in 2015) with the goal of reducing the energy consumption of families experiencing energy poverty. Experts have warned that overly complex administrative procedures for financial support can discourage low-income households from applying for reduced energy bills.
In recent years, households have faced a sharp rise in energy costs, especially in some municipalities. The citizens of the municipality of Velenje received 30% to 50% higher heating bills in 2023. Due to unstable market conditions and the sharp rise in electricity prices, the government has capped the maximum permitted electricity prices. From 1 September 2022 to 31 December 2024, the government limited the maximum electricity prices for household customers, including apartment buildings, through the Regulation on the Electricity Price Determination Decree. In addition, an energy subsidy for the poorest households, a subsidy for families with children, and a subsidy for pensioners were granted in 2022.
Low-income users are entitled to social assistance or income supplements in digital and financial services. They pay a reduced rate for a universal service: €10.72 (the regular price is €14). Low-income users with disabilities are entitled to a 50% discount on connection to a public communications network at a fixed location and a 50% discount on a monthly subscription to publicly accessible telephone services at a fixed location.
Citations:
Baptista, I., and E. Marlier. 2020. Access to Essential Services for People on Low Incomes in Europe: An Analysis of Policies in 35 Countries. Publications office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2767/93987
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
Graph View
To what extent does current health policy hinder or facilitate health system resilience?
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9
9
Health policies are fully aligned with the goal of achieving a resilient health system.
8
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6
7
6
Health policies are largely aligned with the goal of achieving a resilient health system.
5
4
3
4
3
Health policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of achieving a resilient health system.
2
1
1
Health policies are not at all aligned with the goal of achieving a resilient health system.
The Slovenian healthcare system, while publicly available to all, faces significant challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing corruption, and increasing privatization. These issues have led to shortages of healthcare professionals and prolonged waiting times for essential services. Despite attempts at reform, such as emergency measures in 2022, waiting times have continued to grow.
In 2021, unmet medical needs rose notably due to increased waiting times, particularly for dental care and primary healthcare services. By May 2023, a concerning 81% of patients awaiting initial examinations exceeded permitted wait times, and 63% waited over 14 days for therapeutic-diagnostic procedures. Civil society initiatives criticized the government’s handling of the crisis, leading to the health minister’s resignation in July 2023.
To address issues like long waiting times and a shortage of personal GPs, the government replaced supplementary health insurance with a compulsory health contribution in January 2024. Despite being the highest-paid civil servants, doctors went on strike that same month, demanding better salaries and the implementation of previously agreed-upon agreements with the ministry. Critics argue that the healthcare system’s inefficiencies, compounded by doctors working in private facilities, contribute to the shortage.
In terms of long-term care, the Janša government passed the Long-Term Care Act, although its implementation faced delays. The revised law, effective from January 2024, aims to address these challenges. However, Slovenia still trails behind OECD averages in healthcare resilience indicators, with healthcare spending and hospital beds per capita falling below the OECD average. Nonetheless, life expectancy in Slovenia remains relatively high at almost 82 years.
Citations:
G. K., La. Da., and Al. Ma. 2023. “Healthcare Reform Is Being Implemented and Remains a Key Priority of This Government.” MMC RTV, December 18. https://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/golob-zdravstvena-reforma-se-izvaja-in-ostaja-kljucna-prioriteta-te-vlade/691990
La. Da. 2024. “Dopolnilnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja ni več. Nov prispevek se trga od dohodka.” MMC RTV, January 1. https://www.rtvslo.si/zdravje/dopolnilnega-zdravstvenega-zavarovanja-ni-vec-nov-prispevek-se-trga-od-dohodka/693321
NIJZ. 2023. “Nacionalno spremljanje čakalnih dob. Mesečno poročilo za stanje na dan 1.5. 2023.” https://nijz.si/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Porocilo-eNarocanje-1.5.-2023.pdf
Barbara M. Smajila. 2023. “Zgodbe izza številk: Ljudje, ki so ostali brez zdravnika.” N1, January 21. https://n1info.si/poglobljeno/zgodbe-izza-stevilk-ljudje-ki-so-ostali-brez-zdravnika/
OECD: OECD Better Life Slovenia. https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/slovenia/
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
RTVSLO. 2024. “Več denarja, več zdravja?” Available at https://www.rtvslo.si/rtv365/arhiv/175026818?s=tv
In 2021, unmet medical needs rose notably due to increased waiting times, particularly for dental care and primary healthcare services. By May 2023, a concerning 81% of patients awaiting initial examinations exceeded permitted wait times, and 63% waited over 14 days for therapeutic-diagnostic procedures. Civil society initiatives criticized the government’s handling of the crisis, leading to the health minister’s resignation in July 2023.
To address issues like long waiting times and a shortage of personal GPs, the government replaced supplementary health insurance with a compulsory health contribution in January 2024. Despite being the highest-paid civil servants, doctors went on strike that same month, demanding better salaries and the implementation of previously agreed-upon agreements with the ministry. Critics argue that the healthcare system’s inefficiencies, compounded by doctors working in private facilities, contribute to the shortage.
In terms of long-term care, the Janša government passed the Long-Term Care Act, although its implementation faced delays. The revised law, effective from January 2024, aims to address these challenges. However, Slovenia still trails behind OECD averages in healthcare resilience indicators, with healthcare spending and hospital beds per capita falling below the OECD average. Nonetheless, life expectancy in Slovenia remains relatively high at almost 82 years.
Citations:
G. K., La. Da., and Al. Ma. 2023. “Healthcare Reform Is Being Implemented and Remains a Key Priority of This Government.” MMC RTV, December 18. https://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/golob-zdravstvena-reforma-se-izvaja-in-ostaja-kljucna-prioriteta-te-vlade/691990
La. Da. 2024. “Dopolnilnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja ni več. Nov prispevek se trga od dohodka.” MMC RTV, January 1. https://www.rtvslo.si/zdravje/dopolnilnega-zdravstvenega-zavarovanja-ni-vec-nov-prispevek-se-trga-od-dohodka/693321
NIJZ. 2023. “Nacionalno spremljanje čakalnih dob. Mesečno poročilo za stanje na dan 1.5. 2023.” https://nijz.si/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Porocilo-eNarocanje-1.5.-2023.pdf
Barbara M. Smajila. 2023. “Zgodbe izza številk: Ljudje, ki so ostali brez zdravnika.” N1, January 21. https://n1info.si/poglobljeno/zgodbe-izza-stevilk-ljudje-ki-so-ostali-brez-zdravnika/
OECD: OECD Better Life Slovenia. https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/slovenia/
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
RTVSLO. 2024. “Več denarja, več zdravja?” Available at https://www.rtvslo.si/rtv365/arhiv/175026818?s=tv
To what extent does current health policy hinder or facilitate achieving high-quality healthcare?
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9
9
Health policies are fully aligned with the goal of achieving high-quality healthcare.
8
7
6
7
6
Health policies are largely aligned with the goal of achieving high-quality healthcare.
5
4
3
4
3
Health policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of achieving high-quality healthcare.
2
1
1
Health policies are not at all aligned with the goal of achieving high-quality healthcare.
Slovenia has several prevention programs. These programs begin with preventive monitoring of pregnant women and extend to newborn screening, healthcare for infants and children, healthcare for adolescents, and healthcare for students, athletes, and adults. For adults, national programs for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, risky alcohol consumption, and smoking are conducted by referral clinics. Screening programs for cervical cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer – including the ZORA, DORA, and SVIT programs – are also available.
The primary objectives of these screening programs are to reduce the incidence of disease, lower the incidence of serious complications, decrease mortality rates, and increase the chances of complete curability.
The “This is Me” program is Slovenia’s largest web portal for youth counseling, offering young people anonymous public access to problem-solving support.
The mortality rate avoidable through public health and prevention measures increased in 2020 at a rate similar to the EU average and remained above it. Most preventable deaths are related to the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles. The decline in the pre-pandemic mortality rate was linked to the strengthening of primary-level prevention measures, addressing smoking, alcoholism, healthy eating, and physical activity, as well as screening programs and counseling.
The mortality rate from curable causes decreased in Slovenia in 2020, indicating effective healthcare regarding treatment. Most deaths are due to heart disease, colon and rectal cancer, followed by stroke and breast cancer.
Citations:
Zdravstevna. 2020. “Preventivni presejalni programi v Sloveniji.” https://www.zdravstvena.info/preventiva/preventivni-presejalni-programi-v-sloveniji-svit-dora-zora.html
OECD. “OECD Better Life Slovenia.” https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/slovenia/
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
The primary objectives of these screening programs are to reduce the incidence of disease, lower the incidence of serious complications, decrease mortality rates, and increase the chances of complete curability.
The “This is Me” program is Slovenia’s largest web portal for youth counseling, offering young people anonymous public access to problem-solving support.
The mortality rate avoidable through public health and prevention measures increased in 2020 at a rate similar to the EU average and remained above it. Most preventable deaths are related to the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles. The decline in the pre-pandemic mortality rate was linked to the strengthening of primary-level prevention measures, addressing smoking, alcoholism, healthy eating, and physical activity, as well as screening programs and counseling.
The mortality rate from curable causes decreased in Slovenia in 2020, indicating effective healthcare regarding treatment. Most deaths are due to heart disease, colon and rectal cancer, followed by stroke and breast cancer.
Citations:
Zdravstevna. 2020. “Preventivni presejalni programi v Sloveniji.” https://www.zdravstvena.info/preventiva/preventivni-presejalni-programi-v-sloveniji-svit-dora-zora.html
OECD. “OECD Better Life Slovenia.” https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/slovenia/
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
To what extent does current health policy hinder or facilitate equitable access to high-quality healthcare?
10
9
9
Health policies are fully aligned with the goal of achieving equitable access to high-quality healthcare.
8
7
6
7
6
Health policies are largely aligned with the goal of achieving equitable access to high-quality healthcare.
5
4
3
4
3
Health policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of achieving equitable access to high-quality healthcare.
2
1
1
Health policies are not at all aligned with the goal of achieving equitable access to high-quality healthcare.
Structurally and administratively, public healthcare institutions in Slovenia remain much the same as they were in 1991. The Slovenian healthcare system faces serious challenges that call for reform. In recent years, Slovenia’s population has aged, while significant progress has been made in medicine. The aging population requires the healthcare system to adapt in order to improve its accessibility and efficiency. Although the number of health workers is increasing, there is still a personnel shortage. Consequently – and perhaps also due to the inadequate financing model of some services – waiting periods in many areas are unacceptably long, preventing equal access to health services for all. Those who can afford it visit private clinics, where doctors from public institutions work in the afternoon. Due to their high workload, these personnel are exhausted.
Patients’ needs for healthcare services in Slovenia are substantial, and the healthcare system does not provide optimal options for choosing a personal physician, dentist, or gynecologist due to a shortage of doctors and medical staff in primary healthcare. Healthcare activities are carried out across Slovenia, with accessibility to healthcare services varying throughout the country. Emergency centers are overburdened by accessibility problems at the primary level. At the same time, the operation of these emergency centers is not uniform. Reforming the healthcare system and strengthening public healthcare are imperative.
In 2020, according to the indicator of expected healthy years of life at birth, Slovenia exceeded the EU average. On the regional level, the indicator reveals significant differences. Men in the coastal Karst region can expect the longest life without disabilities at birth, while men in the Podravja region can expect the shortest. Women in the Gorenjska region can expect to lead the longest healthy lives, while women in the Pomurje region can expect the shortest.
Compared to previous years, the gap in unmet needs between the population’s first and fifth income levels increased in 2021. The main reason for unmet needs in Slovenia is the long waiting times, whereas in most EU member states, the reason is financial. This disparity is related to the broad basket of rights in Slovenia, which is partly covered by compulsory health insurance and partly by supplementary health insurance (though since January 2024, it has shifted to single insurance). However, access to many services remains limited.
Citations:
Ministrstvo za zdravje. 2023. “Pregled stanja na področju zdravstva v Sloveniji – januar 2023.” https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZ/DOKUMENTI/NOVICE/Zdravstveni-sistem-v-Sloveniji-januar-2023.pdf
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
Patients’ needs for healthcare services in Slovenia are substantial, and the healthcare system does not provide optimal options for choosing a personal physician, dentist, or gynecologist due to a shortage of doctors and medical staff in primary healthcare. Healthcare activities are carried out across Slovenia, with accessibility to healthcare services varying throughout the country. Emergency centers are overburdened by accessibility problems at the primary level. At the same time, the operation of these emergency centers is not uniform. Reforming the healthcare system and strengthening public healthcare are imperative.
In 2020, according to the indicator of expected healthy years of life at birth, Slovenia exceeded the EU average. On the regional level, the indicator reveals significant differences. Men in the coastal Karst region can expect the longest life without disabilities at birth, while men in the Podravja region can expect the shortest. Women in the Gorenjska region can expect to lead the longest healthy lives, while women in the Pomurje region can expect the shortest.
Compared to previous years, the gap in unmet needs between the population’s first and fifth income levels increased in 2021. The main reason for unmet needs in Slovenia is the long waiting times, whereas in most EU member states, the reason is financial. This disparity is related to the broad basket of rights in Slovenia, which is partly covered by compulsory health insurance and partly by supplementary health insurance (though since January 2024, it has shifted to single insurance). However, access to many services remains limited.
Citations:
Ministrstvo za zdravje. 2023. “Pregled stanja na področju zdravstva v Sloveniji – januar 2023.” https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZ/DOKUMENTI/NOVICE/Zdravstveni-sistem-v-Sloveniji-januar-2023.pdf
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
Graph View
How committed is the government to ensuring gender equality in all respects?
10
9
9
The government is clearly committed to the goal of ensuring gender equality.
8
7
6
7
6
The government is largely committed to the goal of ensuring gender equality.
5
4
3
4
3
The government is only somewhat committed to the goal of ensuring gender equality.
2
1
1
The government is not at all committed to the goal of ensuring gender equality.
The Slovenian constitution prohibits gender discrimination and assigns responsibility for promoting gender equality at the ministerial level. The Department for Equal Opportunities, established in 2012, oversees gender equality initiatives, succeeding the Government Office for Equal Opportunities. In 2016, an independent body, the Advocate of the Principle of Equality, was formed to champion equal treatment, supported by the Commission for Petitions, Human Rights, and Equal Opportunities.
A pivotal legal instrument for gender equality is the 2002 Act on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men, which mandates gender mainstreaming in government planning. Ministries appoint coordinators for equal opportunities who are tasked with implementation. In 2023, a resolution on the National Program for Equal Opportunities for Women and Men until 2030 was enacted, with a ministry working group launched under the motto “Instead of flowers – action!”
Slovenia ranked below the EU average in the Gender Equality Index for 2021 and 2022, with the decline attributed to disparities in health, knowledge, and economic strength. Gender segregation persists in education and the labor market, with fewer women in management roles and disparities in caregiving responsibilities. Alarmingly, up to 13 women were murdered by partners in 2022, around 200,000 lacked a chosen gynecologist, and there was a 25% pay gap in health and social care.
The new resolution aims for equal participation of women and men across public and private spheres, targeting employment, education, health, and social status. It addresses femicide prevention and violence against women and supports vulnerable groups like older women, disabled women, and Roma women. Measures include promoting female entrepreneurship, encouraging women in military and police roles, and implementing family-friendly policies to balance professional and personal lives.
Citations:
European Institute for Gender Equality. 2022. “Slovenia.” https://eige.europa.eu/gender-mainstreaming/countries/slovenia
Ministrstvo za delo, družino, socilane zadeve in enake možnosti. 2023. “Soglasno sprejeta Resolucija o nacionalnem programu za enake možnosti žensk in moških 2023 – 2030.” https://www.gov.si/novice/2023-09-22-soglasno-sprejeta-resolucija-o-nacionalnem-programu-za-enake-moznosti-zensk-in-moskih-2023-2030
Official Journal. 2023. “Resolucija o nacionalnem programu za enake možnosti žensk in moških 2023–2030 (ReNPEMŽM30).” http://pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=RESO132. https://www.sta.si/3216561/poslanci-sprejeli-resolucijo-o-nacionalnem-programu-za-enake-moznosti-zensk-in-moskih
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
A pivotal legal instrument for gender equality is the 2002 Act on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men, which mandates gender mainstreaming in government planning. Ministries appoint coordinators for equal opportunities who are tasked with implementation. In 2023, a resolution on the National Program for Equal Opportunities for Women and Men until 2030 was enacted, with a ministry working group launched under the motto “Instead of flowers – action!”
Slovenia ranked below the EU average in the Gender Equality Index for 2021 and 2022, with the decline attributed to disparities in health, knowledge, and economic strength. Gender segregation persists in education and the labor market, with fewer women in management roles and disparities in caregiving responsibilities. Alarmingly, up to 13 women were murdered by partners in 2022, around 200,000 lacked a chosen gynecologist, and there was a 25% pay gap in health and social care.
The new resolution aims for equal participation of women and men across public and private spheres, targeting employment, education, health, and social status. It addresses femicide prevention and violence against women and supports vulnerable groups like older women, disabled women, and Roma women. Measures include promoting female entrepreneurship, encouraging women in military and police roles, and implementing family-friendly policies to balance professional and personal lives.
Citations:
European Institute for Gender Equality. 2022. “Slovenia.” https://eige.europa.eu/gender-mainstreaming/countries/slovenia
Ministrstvo za delo, družino, socilane zadeve in enake možnosti. 2023. “Soglasno sprejeta Resolucija o nacionalnem programu za enake možnosti žensk in moških 2023 – 2030.” https://www.gov.si/novice/2023-09-22-soglasno-sprejeta-resolucija-o-nacionalnem-programu-za-enake-moznosti-zensk-in-moskih-2023-2030
Official Journal. 2023. “Resolucija o nacionalnem programu za enake možnosti žensk in moških 2023–2030 (ReNPEMŽM30).” http://pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=RESO132. https://www.sta.si/3216561/poslanci-sprejeli-resolucijo-o-nacionalnem-programu-za-enake-moznosti-zensk-in-moskih
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
Graph View
To what extent does the current family policy approach support or hinder unpaid family care work?
10
9
9
Family policies are fully aligned with the goal of creating the conditions for strong families.
8
7
6
7
6
Family policies are largely aligned with the goal of creating the conditions for strong families.
5
4
3
4
3
Family policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of creating the conditions for strong families.
2
1
1
Family policies are not at all aligned with the goal of creating family-friendly conditions.
Slovenian inhabitants have a good work-life balance, with only 6% of Slovenians working long hours and similar amounts of time devoted to personal care and leisure. The share of employed women is high: 68% compared to 74% of men. Mothers are likely to return to their jobs once the baby reaches 11 months of age.
Maternity leave lasts 15 weeks: 4 weeks before the birth and 11 weeks after. Paternity leave lasts 15 days and must be taken before the child reaches 3 years of age. In 2022, roughly 93% of fathers took up to 15 days of paternity leave, with around half opting to take more than 15 days. A same-sex partner can also take paternity leave.
In addition to maternity and paternity leave, parental leave promotes the division of childcare. Each parent is entitled to 160 days of parental leave, with up to 100 days transferable to the other parent. Biological, adoptive, and foster parents have the right to parental leave, and one parent must begin this leave immediately after maternity leave. Up to 60 non-transferable days per parent may be taken any time until the child reaches 8 years of age. Most mothers take advantage of their entire parental leave allocation or a significant portion of it, while very few do not take any leave.
Despite full compensation for earnings during leave, fathers’ low participation may be attributed to traditional family roles. A strong network of public and private preschools – supported by concessions – enables parents to return to work once the child reaches the age of one. In the 2022–2023 school year, nearly 82% of children aged 1–5 were enrolled in Slovenian kindergartens.
Financial incentives for parents with more than one child also contribute to increased participation in the labor market. Parents with two children enrolled in kindergarten simultaneously are exempt from paying for the younger child. In addition, parents are exempt from kindergarten fees for the third and every subsequent child from the same family, regardless of whether they are enrolled in kindergarten at the same time as their siblings.
Insured persons are entitled to take leave to care of a family member (spouse and children) who has fallen ill. Generally, seven working days of leave may be taken per family for each episode of illness. Absence from work is significantly higher among women, and the gender gap is increasing year after year. This is due to the full employment of women, who more often take care of children and the poorly regulated long-term care system.
Depending on the family’s income class, a parent can receive a child allowance as a supplementary benefit for supporting, raising, and educating a child. For income taxpayers, the tax base can be reduced by a special allowance to maintain family members – children.
Citations:
OECD. OECD Better Life Index Slovenia. https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/work-life-balance/
Nada Stropnik. 2023. “Leave Network Slovenia.” https://www.leavenetwork.org/fileadmin/user_upload/k_leavenetwork/annual_reviews/2023/Slovenia2023.pdf
Finančna uprava. 2024. “Vzdrževani družinski člani.” https://www.fu.gov.si/zivljenjski_dogodki_prebivalci/vzdrzevani_druzinski_clani/
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “Otroški dodatek.” https://www.gov.si/teme/otroski-dodatek
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
Maternity leave lasts 15 weeks: 4 weeks before the birth and 11 weeks after. Paternity leave lasts 15 days and must be taken before the child reaches 3 years of age. In 2022, roughly 93% of fathers took up to 15 days of paternity leave, with around half opting to take more than 15 days. A same-sex partner can also take paternity leave.
In addition to maternity and paternity leave, parental leave promotes the division of childcare. Each parent is entitled to 160 days of parental leave, with up to 100 days transferable to the other parent. Biological, adoptive, and foster parents have the right to parental leave, and one parent must begin this leave immediately after maternity leave. Up to 60 non-transferable days per parent may be taken any time until the child reaches 8 years of age. Most mothers take advantage of their entire parental leave allocation or a significant portion of it, while very few do not take any leave.
Despite full compensation for earnings during leave, fathers’ low participation may be attributed to traditional family roles. A strong network of public and private preschools – supported by concessions – enables parents to return to work once the child reaches the age of one. In the 2022–2023 school year, nearly 82% of children aged 1–5 were enrolled in Slovenian kindergartens.
Financial incentives for parents with more than one child also contribute to increased participation in the labor market. Parents with two children enrolled in kindergarten simultaneously are exempt from paying for the younger child. In addition, parents are exempt from kindergarten fees for the third and every subsequent child from the same family, regardless of whether they are enrolled in kindergarten at the same time as their siblings.
Insured persons are entitled to take leave to care of a family member (spouse and children) who has fallen ill. Generally, seven working days of leave may be taken per family for each episode of illness. Absence from work is significantly higher among women, and the gender gap is increasing year after year. This is due to the full employment of women, who more often take care of children and the poorly regulated long-term care system.
Depending on the family’s income class, a parent can receive a child allowance as a supplementary benefit for supporting, raising, and educating a child. For income taxpayers, the tax base can be reduced by a special allowance to maintain family members – children.
Citations:
OECD. OECD Better Life Index Slovenia. https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/work-life-balance/
Nada Stropnik. 2023. “Leave Network Slovenia.” https://www.leavenetwork.org/fileadmin/user_upload/k_leavenetwork/annual_reviews/2023/Slovenia2023.pdf
Finančna uprava. 2024. “Vzdrževani družinski člani.” https://www.fu.gov.si/zivljenjski_dogodki_prebivalci/vzdrzevani_druzinski_clani/
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “Otroški dodatek.” https://www.gov.si/teme/otroski-dodatek
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
Graph View
To what extent does the current pension policy approach prevent poverty among senior citizens?
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9
9
Pension policies are fully aligned with the goal of preventing old-age poverty.
8
7
6
7
6
Pension policies are largely aligned with the goal of preventing old-age poverty.
5
4
3
4
3
Pension policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of preventing old-age poverty.
2
1
1
Pension policies are not at all aligned with the goal of preventing old-age poverty.
Certain population groups in Slovenia are still more at risk of poverty than the EU average, particularly single-person households, pensioners (including those aged 65 and over), and people with a low level of education. Besides adults with a low level of education, the unemployed, single-person households, people with various forms of disability, tenants, immigrants, and other vulnerable groups face heightened risks. Among these, pensioners, especially older women, have seen their living conditions deteriorate the most in recent years, and their situation remains worse than the EU average.
Due to rising inflation, pension organizations called for an extraordinary adjustment to pensions starting in early 2023. The government agreed to increase part of the benefits by 1.8% for the last two months of 2023, with a further 8.2% increase scheduled for January 2024. A regular pension adjustment will follow in February 2024, based on the increase in the average monthly gross wage (60%) and the average increase in consumer goods prices (40%). Additionally, in 2023, pensioners received a Christmas bonus for the first time. The bonus amount depends on the pensioner’s annual allowance, which is based on their pension.
Citations:
V. L. 2023. “Za koliko bodo višje pokojnine: objavljamo izračun.” N1 26 November.
https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/pokojnine-2024-uskladitev-povecanje-bozicnica/
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
Due to rising inflation, pension organizations called for an extraordinary adjustment to pensions starting in early 2023. The government agreed to increase part of the benefits by 1.8% for the last two months of 2023, with a further 8.2% increase scheduled for January 2024. A regular pension adjustment will follow in February 2024, based on the increase in the average monthly gross wage (60%) and the average increase in consumer goods prices (40%). Additionally, in 2023, pensioners received a Christmas bonus for the first time. The bonus amount depends on the pensioner’s annual allowance, which is based on their pension.
Citations:
V. L. 2023. “Za koliko bodo višje pokojnine: objavljamo izračun.” N1 26 November.
https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/pokojnine-2024-uskladitev-povecanje-bozicnica/
UMAR. 2023. “Poročilo o razvoju 2023.” https://www.umar.gov.si/fileadmin/user_upload/razvoj_slovenije/2023/slovenski/POR2023-splet.pdf
To what extent does the current pension policy approach hinder or promote intergenerational equity?
10
9
9
Pension policies are fully aligned with the goal of achieving intergenerational equity.
8
7
6
7
6
Pension policies are largely aligned with the goal of achieving intergenerational equity.
5
4
3
4
3
Pension policies are only somewhat aligned with the goal of achieving intergenerational equity.
2
1
1
Pension policies are not at all aligned with the goal of achieving intergenerational equity.
Since 2012, the full retirement age in Slovenia has been 65, or 60 for employees with at least 40 years of pensionable service. Incentives are provided for people who continue to work after the official retirement age. Despite having one of the highest labor force participation rates in the 20–64 age group, Slovenia still has one of the lowest participation rates among older individuals (60–64). In the second quarter of 2022, the labor force participation rate for the 60–64 age group was 36.5% (EU: 72.1%). Activity in this age group is increasing due to the high demand for labor and later retirement prompted by pension legislation, which has enhanced incentives to remain in the workforce longer. In Slovenia, income-related pensions are calculated based on earnings from only 24 years of employment.
At the end of 2023, the Minister of Labour, Family, Social Affairs, and Equal Opportunities emphasized that pension reform will be a key project for the ministry in 2024. The initial plans have already been prepared, and the social partners and key departments are familiar with them. The reform aims to ensure the sustainability of the pension system. The government seeks to address the issue of providing adequate pensions and maintaining a sustainable system in an aging society.
Citations:
N1. 2023. “Pokojninska reforma prva prioriteta ministra Mesca v novem letu.” N1, December 20. https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/pokojninska-reforma-prva-prioriteta-ministra-mesca-v-novem-letu/
At the end of 2023, the Minister of Labour, Family, Social Affairs, and Equal Opportunities emphasized that pension reform will be a key project for the ministry in 2024. The initial plans have already been prepared, and the social partners and key departments are familiar with them. The reform aims to ensure the sustainability of the pension system. The government seeks to address the issue of providing adequate pensions and maintaining a sustainable system in an aging society.
Citations:
N1. 2023. “Pokojninska reforma prva prioriteta ministra Mesca v novem letu.” N1, December 20. https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/pokojninska-reforma-prva-prioriteta-ministra-mesca-v-novem-letu/
Graph View
To what extent does the current policy approach hinder or facilitate the inclusion of migrants into society and the labor market?
10
9
9
Integration policies are fully aligned with achieving the sustainable inclusion of migrants in society.
8
7
6
7
6
Integration policies are largely aligned with achieving the sustainable inclusion of migrants in society.
5
4
3
4
3
Integration policies are only somewhat aligned with achieving the sustainable inclusion of migrants in society.
2
1
1
Integration policies are not at all aligned with achieving the sustainable inclusion of migrants in society.
Over the past five years, integration policy in Slovenia has improved in several areas, including the labor market, education, political participation, and anti-discrimination. Non-EU immigrants with legal status in Slovenia experience a reasonably favorable integration policy. However, the Slovenian approach to integration can be characterized as “equality on paper” only. While immigrants enjoy basic rights and long-term security, they do not have equal opportunities.
The policy is unfavorable to migrant labor and their families, with non-EU workers facing barriers to equal access, particularly in non-regulated private jobs. After five years in Slovenia, most non-EU migrants can benefit from permanent residence security. However, the path to citizenship is long, and dual citizenship is not permitted. Some applicants have access to a sufficient number of free courses and study guides to achieve an A2 level in the Slovenian language. For example, international students can attend a Slovenian language course. Most regular basic-income immigrants can easily return to their families. Even with a slightly more favorable family reunification policy, transnational families in Slovenia still have a somewhat uncertain status, as the procedure is discretionary. All pupils with a migrant background have a basic right to access compulsory education and receive support. However, migrant families and schools continue to receive little support to promote the social integration of migrant pupils. Migrants also face challenges in gaining full access to the healthcare system. Long-term resident migrants have the right to vote in local elections. However, non-EU citizens cannot be members of a political party and cannot stand in elections.
Slovenia is expected to face a shortage of a quarter of a million workers in the coming years. One solution to this issue is the recruitment of foreign labor. In 2023, there were already 128,000 foreign workers in Slovenia, accounting for more than 14% of all employed individuals. The business community has long pointed out that the procedures for hiring foreigners are too lengthy and complicated.
In April 2023, the government simplified these procedures by amending the Aliens Act, removing administrative obstacles and speeding up the issuance and delivery of residence permits and registration certificates. Additionally, they extended free Slovene language courses to all categories of foreigners.
To secure a highly qualified labor force, the government plans to draft a law on development jobs and a law on Slovenia’s attractiveness to attract future global talent.
Citations:
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve. 2023. “Novela Zakona o tujcih začne veljati 27. aprila 2023.” https://www.gov.si/novice/2023-04-26-novela-zakona-o-tujcih-zacne-veljati-27-aprila-2023/
The Peace Institute. 2019. “Migration Integration Policy Index 2020.” https://www.mipex.eu/slovenia
STA. 2023. “Osnutek nacionalnega programa napoveduje vrsto reform.” Dnevnik, April 5. https://www.dnevnik.si/1043020623
Maja Grgič. 2023. “Za privabljanje tujih delavcev se bo morala odpreti družba.” Delo, April 21. https://www.delo.si/novice/slovenija/za-privabljanje-tujih-delavcev-se-bo-morala-odpreti-druzba/
The policy is unfavorable to migrant labor and their families, with non-EU workers facing barriers to equal access, particularly in non-regulated private jobs. After five years in Slovenia, most non-EU migrants can benefit from permanent residence security. However, the path to citizenship is long, and dual citizenship is not permitted. Some applicants have access to a sufficient number of free courses and study guides to achieve an A2 level in the Slovenian language. For example, international students can attend a Slovenian language course. Most regular basic-income immigrants can easily return to their families. Even with a slightly more favorable family reunification policy, transnational families in Slovenia still have a somewhat uncertain status, as the procedure is discretionary. All pupils with a migrant background have a basic right to access compulsory education and receive support. However, migrant families and schools continue to receive little support to promote the social integration of migrant pupils. Migrants also face challenges in gaining full access to the healthcare system. Long-term resident migrants have the right to vote in local elections. However, non-EU citizens cannot be members of a political party and cannot stand in elections.
Slovenia is expected to face a shortage of a quarter of a million workers in the coming years. One solution to this issue is the recruitment of foreign labor. In 2023, there were already 128,000 foreign workers in Slovenia, accounting for more than 14% of all employed individuals. The business community has long pointed out that the procedures for hiring foreigners are too lengthy and complicated.
In April 2023, the government simplified these procedures by amending the Aliens Act, removing administrative obstacles and speeding up the issuance and delivery of residence permits and registration certificates. Additionally, they extended free Slovene language courses to all categories of foreigners.
To secure a highly qualified labor force, the government plans to draft a law on development jobs and a law on Slovenia’s attractiveness to attract future global talent.
Citations:
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve. 2023. “Novela Zakona o tujcih začne veljati 27. aprila 2023.” https://www.gov.si/novice/2023-04-26-novela-zakona-o-tujcih-zacne-veljati-27-aprila-2023/
The Peace Institute. 2019. “Migration Integration Policy Index 2020.” https://www.mipex.eu/slovenia
STA. 2023. “Osnutek nacionalnega programa napoveduje vrsto reform.” Dnevnik, April 5. https://www.dnevnik.si/1043020623
Maja Grgič. 2023. “Za privabljanje tujih delavcev se bo morala odpreti družba.” Delo, April 21. https://www.delo.si/novice/slovenija/za-privabljanje-tujih-delavcev-se-bo-morala-odpreti-druzba/
Graph View
How committed is the government to helping build the capacity to reduce poverty and provide social protection in low- and middle-income countries?
10
9
9
The government’s development cooperation strategy is fully aligned with the goal of improving capacity-building for poverty reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
8
7
6
7
6
The government’s development cooperation strategy is largely aligned with the goal of improving capacity-building for poverty reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
5
4
3
4
3
The government’s development cooperation strategy is only somewhat aligned with the goal of improving capacity-building in poverty reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
2
1
1
The government’s development cooperation strategy is not all aligned with the goal of improving capacity-building for poverty reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
International development cooperation is a central aspect of Slovenia’s foreign policy. It aims to foster balanced global development, eradicate poverty, and promote sustainable progress. The primary focus is on the Western Balkans, the European Neighbourhood, and Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly the least developed countries, with Ukraine newly added to this list last year.
Key action areas include promoting peaceful, inclusive societies; good governance; gender equality; quality education; and combating climate change through sustainable resource management. Slovenia aligns its efforts with the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as outlined in its Slovenian Development Strategy 2030 and related resolutions and acts adopted in 2017 and 2018.
The ministry began developing specific frameworks for various areas, recognizing the need for more precise guidelines. Updated guidelines for NGO cooperation were issued in May 2023, with gender equality guidelines following in June. Draft guidelines on environmental protection are underway, with plans for private sector cooperation guidelines in 2024.
The Directorate for International Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid, established in 2022, oversees these efforts, comprising two sectors: one for policy and one for implementation. Slovenia aims to increase official development assistance to 0.33% of GNI by 2030. In 2022, it allocated €159.65 million for international development cooperation, which is equivalent to 0.29% of GNI.
Citations:
Republika Slovenija 2024. “Zakaj mednarodno razvojno sodelovanje.” https://www.gov.si/teme/zakaj-mednarodno-razvojno-sodelovanje/
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “Razvojni in humanitarni projekti.” https://www.gov.si/podrocja/zunanje-zadeve/mednarodno-razvojno-sodelovanje-in-humanitarna-pomoc/razvojni-in-humanitarni-projekti?Title=&cilj=&drzava=&izvajalec=®ija=&status=V+teku&vrsta=&start=20.
Ministrstvo za zunanje in evropske zadeve. 2023. “Medsebojni strokovni pregled politik in izvajanja mednarodnega razvojnega sodelovanja Republike Slovenije pri Odboru za razvojno pomoč Organizacije za ekonomsko sodelovanje in razvoj. Samoocena Republike Slovenije.” https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZEZ/Dokumenti/multilaterala/razvojno-sodelovanje/Samoocena-Republike-Slovenije.docx
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “Mednarodno razvojno sodelovanje in humanitarna pomoč.” https://www.gov.si/podrocja/zunanje-zadeve/mednarodno-razvojno-sodelovanje-in-humanitarna-pomoc/
Key action areas include promoting peaceful, inclusive societies; good governance; gender equality; quality education; and combating climate change through sustainable resource management. Slovenia aligns its efforts with the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as outlined in its Slovenian Development Strategy 2030 and related resolutions and acts adopted in 2017 and 2018.
The ministry began developing specific frameworks for various areas, recognizing the need for more precise guidelines. Updated guidelines for NGO cooperation were issued in May 2023, with gender equality guidelines following in June. Draft guidelines on environmental protection are underway, with plans for private sector cooperation guidelines in 2024.
The Directorate for International Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid, established in 2022, oversees these efforts, comprising two sectors: one for policy and one for implementation. Slovenia aims to increase official development assistance to 0.33% of GNI by 2030. In 2022, it allocated €159.65 million for international development cooperation, which is equivalent to 0.29% of GNI.
Citations:
Republika Slovenija 2024. “Zakaj mednarodno razvojno sodelovanje.” https://www.gov.si/teme/zakaj-mednarodno-razvojno-sodelovanje/
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “Razvojni in humanitarni projekti.” https://www.gov.si/podrocja/zunanje-zadeve/mednarodno-razvojno-sodelovanje-in-humanitarna-pomoc/razvojni-in-humanitarni-projekti?Title=&cilj=&drzava=&izvajalec=®ija=&status=V+teku&vrsta=&start=20.
Ministrstvo za zunanje in evropske zadeve. 2023. “Medsebojni strokovni pregled politik in izvajanja mednarodnega razvojnega sodelovanja Republike Slovenije pri Odboru za razvojno pomoč Organizacije za ekonomsko sodelovanje in razvoj. Samoocena Republike Slovenije.” https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZEZ/Dokumenti/multilaterala/razvojno-sodelovanje/Samoocena-Republike-Slovenije.docx
Republika Slovenija. 2024. “Mednarodno razvojno sodelovanje in humanitarna pomoč.” https://www.gov.si/podrocja/zunanje-zadeve/mednarodno-razvojno-sodelovanje-in-humanitarna-pomoc/